Modeling unaccounted-for gas among residential natural gas consumers using a comprehensive fuzzy cognitive map

Residential natural gas consumption depends on several factors. Available tools and methods to identify, categorize, and validate effective factors have some limitations, making consumption modeling more complex. Once a comprehensive model of effective consumption factors is developed for residential gas consumers, it can predict consumption. In addition, such a model could be used to verify the accuracy of measuring devices in order to reduce unaccounted for gas (UFG). The key factors affecting residential gas consumption were identified based on previous studies and their mutual effects were analyzed using a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) method. The most significant factors and their effects on natural gas consumption in the residential sector were determined. In this study, for the first time, the expected consumption for each consumer was estimated using a consumption index. Generally, if the estimated consumption is significantly different from the amount recorded by the meter, it could suggest a potential source of UFG. The proposed method was applied to the data collected from the residential gas consumers of a small region in Iran (Dasht-e Arjan region, Fars province), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

户式中央空调的节能研究

对户式中央空调系统节能问题作了研究,从住宅建筑空调负荷的计算特点和方法、系统主机容量的确定、末端设备的选择到系统调节特性等诸多方面,综合考虑,并结合实际工程,阐述了影响户式中央空调能量消耗的各种主要因素和改进措施.     

轻型钢骨结构低层住宅设计荷载分析

本文讨论了北美低层钢骨结构住宅结构设计的荷载问题，包括各类荷载的取值和计算方法，以及荷载组合模式，并提出了在我国相关规范没有出台前，在国内进行设计时应该注意的一些问题。     

山重水碧桃花源——杭州绿城·桃花源生态休闲居住区规划

杭州绿城·桃花源生态休闲居住区是一个集居住、游憩及生态环境于一体的低密度住宅园区。作者介绍了该项目的规划构思和规划内容,指出项目规划由风景园林为主多专业合作的优势,对发展中的城郊居住区规划具有参考价值。     

大型居住区设计探索——“深圳市新亚洲花园”设计回顾

通过对大型住宅区“深圳市新亚洲花园”工程规划及建筑方案创作构思的分析,实现住宅提升人们生活品质的设计思想,同时,在规划设计上对住宅开发在经济市场上如何提升竞争力做了有益探索。     

住宅建筑结构中隔震技术的应用和经济评价

对当前隔震系统做了简单介绍 ,介绍了基础隔震的技术和施工方法等。讨论在住宅结构中推广隔震技术的方法 ,对各种类型的住宅结构做经济评价 ,讨论推广的可能性和难点。     

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Residential Energy-Efficiency Upgrades in Phoenix, Arizona

With worldwide energy consumption rising, there is a need to reduce energy use of the housing stock. While this general idea is well-known, there is an overwhelming amount of product data and manufacturers claims through which the homebuilder or designer must sort to make informed selections of energy-efficient upgrades. The main objective of this research was to identify cost effective–energy efficient upgrades from a group of 16 commonly available choices, and rank them according to the most beneficial for the least cost. This study was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, and included a sample of 30 production-style homes typical of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Energy-simulation software was used to perform energy evaluations and derive the benefits of each upgrade. The cost of each upgrade was obtained from a database of national average costs and from a local context. Differences in the selection of beneficial upgrades vary dramatically with the source of the cost information. This research provides a generic methodology that can be used by builders and designers to select appropriate energy-efficient upgrades for a given geographic area that will provide high operating benefits relative to the amount of capital investment.     

户式中央空调发展方向的探讨

本文描述了我国户式中央空调的发展现状，分析了三种户式中央空调各自的特点，提出了把风管式机组作为我国户式中央空调的发展方向。     

家居室内环境的“低碳”设计思考

目前家居装饰装修市场繁荣,人们伴随着经济实力的提升而追求居住环境的舒适性、豪华性、美观性的愿望得已实现,但设计师和客户都应理性的对待居住空间的过分装饰和纯粹的美观性,应注重营造实用、绿色低碳的家居空间环境,顺应社会发展的要求。本文通过对家居空间"低碳"设计的分析,倡导家居空间环境应健康节能、选择低碳的装饰装修设计。     

用户体验理论在武汉里分民居环境改善中的应用

住区环境是人类生存最重要的一个空间,里分民居更是武汉历史发展过程中留下的宝贵历史遗产。通过引用用户体验的相关理论,对武汉里分民居的住区环境进行走访调查研究,并从使用者的心理需求出发,提出切实可行的解决方案,认为要实现里分民居住区环境与使用者需求的真正连接,做到里分民居环境的改善,需做到：整改当前混乱境况,保证居民的生理与安全需求;加强人与环境互动,拓展民居住区的交往与休闲空间;充分利用建筑的独特风格,提升民居的艺术与历史价值。