两种波长激光血管内照射生物效应比较

目的：研究同等照射条件的低强度532nm与633nm激光血管内照射生物效应的特点。方法：用532nm和633nm激光对健康大耳白家兔血管内照射，平均照射功率均设定在5mW左右，照射总能量约12J。两组家兔均于照前及照后1d、4d、7d、11d采集外周血，检测血浆ET、NO、MDA含量和SOD活性。结果：两组家兔上述各指标随照后时间的变化规律相似，经方差分析组间各指标都没有显著性差异。结论：同等照射条件下，低强度532nm与633nm激光照射血液的生物效应相似。     

ILLLI对银屑病患者红细胞SOD和MDA变化的影响

目的:探索ILLLI治疗对银屑病患者红细胞SOD、MDA变化的影响。方法:以氦氖激光或半导体激光ILLLI,每次照射时间 1h,功率 5mW,每天 1次,10次为一疗程,观察治疗前后银屑病患者外周血红细胞SOD、MDA变化,并与正常人的结果作对比。结果:银屑病各组红细胞SOD含量在治疗前无显著差异,均低于正常对照组,正常对照组SOD平均高出患者2.6倍,统计学分析差异有显著性,p<0.05,治疗后,各组SOD含量均有明显上升,平均上升近2倍之多,p<0.05,且接近正常对照组,p>0.05。银屑病各组红细胞MDA含量在治疗前无明显差别,均高于正常对照组,平均高出正常人近2.4倍,差异有显著性,p<0.05,治疗后,各组MDA含量均有明显下降,平均下降近1倍,有统计学差异,p<0.05,但未恢复到正常人水平,与正常对照组之间仍存在显著性差异,p<0.05。结论:ILLLI治疗无论是He-Ne激光或是半导体激光对银屑病病员都能激活SOD,提高患者的抗氧化能力。     

Influence of Intraperitoneal Injection of Rare Earth Compounds on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Level of Lipid Peroxidation in Mice Livers

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Behavioral and electroantennogram responses of periplanone analogs

The biological activities of synthetic periplanone analogs, including four candidates of periplanone-A (P-A), were evaluated by behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) assays. Among 16 periplanone analogs, six compounds evoked pheromonal activity from the male American cockroaches. The threshold dosages of these biological active analogs were 10–10⁵ times lower than that of the known periplanone mimic, germacrene-D. The conformation required for eliciting the pheromonal activity is discussed in terms of the structure-activity relationship of these analogs. Hauptmann's P-A elicited the strongest pheromonal activity among four candidates of P-A in our bioassay, suggesting that Hauptmann's P-A is a natural P-A produced from female cockroaches.     

Structural significance of the alkyl substituent at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate in sex pheromonal activity of the American cockroach

The significance of the alkyl group at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate, which is the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, was investigated. Seven alcohols possessing an ethyl, propyl, or dimethyl group at this position of the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton were synthesized and evaluated by behavioral assay. All of the alcohols were inactive, while three of four acetates of the 2-alcohols induced sexual behavior in male cockroaches at the 0.02 or 0.5 mg dosage level, either of which is many orders of magnitude higher than the threshold level of the natural sex pheromones (10^–8 mg). Among the acetates, the compounds with a methyl group or an -oriented ethyl group at C-4 showed the highest activity. The results are discussed in terms of spatial requirements of the molecules for interactions with the receptor.Studies on the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate. Part VIII. For Part VII, seeComp. Biochem. Physiol.,70A: 229–234 (1981).     

Studies on relationship between activity and electron density on carbonyl oxygen in sex pheromone mimics of the American cockroach,part XI

From the relationship between structures of the 2-substituents of verbanyl analogs and their sex pheromone activities to the American cockroach, electron density of the carbonyl oxygen atom in the substituent, as estimated by the [¹⁷O]NMR chemical shift, was estimated to be an important factor which influenced the activity, in addition to length of the substituent and the position of the carbonyl group. (+)-Verbanyl methylcarbonate (XX), possessing the highest electron density on the carbonyl oxygen atom, showed the strongest activity among the analogs.For Part X, see Manabe et al., 1983. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:533–549.     

基于改进YOLOv7的小目标检测

目前的目标检测技术已趋于成熟,但小目标检测仍是研究的难点。针对目标检测过程中小目标检测更容易出现漏检等问题,提出一种改进的YOLOv7目标检测模型。结合特征分离合并思想,对YOLOv7网络模型中的MPConv模块进行改进,以减少网络特征处理过程造成的特征损失,并通过实验确定放置改进MPConv模块的最佳位置。由于小目标检测过程中容易出现漏检的现象,利用ACmix注意力模块提高网络对小尺度目标的敏感度,降低噪声所带来的影响。在此基础上,使用SIoU替换原YOLOv7网络模型中的CIoU来优化损失函数,减少损失函数自由度,提高网络鲁棒性。在Okahublot公开的FloW-Img子数据集上进行实验,结果表明,对于数据集中的密集、小目标和超小目标三种情况的图片,改进后的YOLOv7网络模型相比原网络,漏检情况得到明显改善,且mAP达到71.1%,相比基线YOLOv7网络模型提升了4个百分点,检测效果优于原网络模型与传统经典目标检测网络模型。     

Shape design of cerium oxide nanoparticles for enhancement of enzyme mimetic activity in therapeutic applications

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), widely used in catalytic applications owing to their robust redox reaction, are now being considered in therapeutic applications based on their enzyme mimetic properties such as catalase and super oxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activities. In therapeutic applications, the emerging demand for CONPs with low cytotoxicity, high cost efficiency, and high enzyme mimetic capability necessitates the exploration of alternative synthesis and effective material design. This study presents a room temperature aqueous synthesis for low-cost production of shape-selective CONPs without potentially harmful organic substances, and additionally, investigates cell viability and catalase and SOD mimetic activities. This synthesis, at room temperature, produced CONPs with particular planes: {111}/{100} nanopolyhedra, {100} nano/submicron cubes, and {111}/{100} nanorods that grew in [110] longitudinal direction. Enzymatic activity assays indicated that nanopolyhedra with a high concentration of Ce⁴⁺ ions promoted catalase mimetic activity, while nanocubes and nanorods with high Ce³⁺ ion concentrations enhanced SOD mimetic activity. This is the first study indicating that shape and facet configuration design of CONPs, coupled with the retention of dominant, specific Ce valence states, potentiates enzyme mimetic activities. These findings may be utilized for CONP design aimed at enhancing enzyme mimetic activities in therapeutic applications.

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外源NO和ABA对杨树气孔运动和SOD及POD活性的影响

研究了外源NO和脱落酸(ABA)对杨树气孔运动和SOD、POD活性的影响。结果表明：NO和ABA均可诱导杨树叶片气孔关闭，且NO有加强ABA诱导气孔关闭的作用。NO清除剂(C—PTIO)能显抑制NO和ABA对气孔关闭的诱导效应。不同浓度硝普钠(SNP)和ABA处理杨树离体叶片，SOD活性变化不明显，POD活性受到显抑制。粗酶液的体外实验结果表明，不同浓度SNP对POD活性的抑制呈明显的浓度及时间效应；而ABA对POD活性则几乎没有影响。说明在ABA调控气孔运动的过程中需要NO的参与，由此推测ABA对杨树叶片气孔运动的调节与NO对POD的抑制有关。