网络化制造中基于STEP-NC的编程方法

STEP-NC是由欧美提出的新的数控接口标准，目的是取代旧的数控标准ISO6983。本文首先分析了STEP-NC的两种应用标准：ISO14649（ARM）和STEPAP238（AIM），并且分析了Part21和Part28的应用领域及Part21文件格式和其中的信息产生方法。然後介绍了ST-Developer环境下ROSEC＋＋颠库编程接口及其应用程序的早、晚编联方式，并且以此为基础设计了整个程序的编程流程，重点介绍了工艺规划设计。最后给出了在C＋＋编程环境下利用ROSE库函数写入形成STEP AP238文件的方法。     

基于STEP-NC的数控系统体系结构的研究

分析了当前主流开放式数控系统的本构模型,建立了系统内部的信息流模型,根据非实时、弱实时和强实时区分信息流。综合考虑数控系统的功能模型、信息流模型,建立STEP-NC数控系统的层次模型为模型应用层、制造规划层和实时控制层。给出了基于PC和嵌入式系统分层架构的STEP-NC数控系统结构。     

基于SDAI的STEP-NC解释器的研究

通过分析STEP-NC数据模型及加工程序结构,构造利于加工信息表述的系统核心数据结构,并且给出了系统框架关于时间和空间的数据流模型,提出基于SDAI的STEP-NC解释器系统框架结构,最后开发了原型系统,并就STEP-NC标准草案的实例加以论证.     

面向特征的STEP-NC加工方法研究

介绍了STEP-NC数据结构的基本特征，分析了STEP-NC控制器的功能结构，研究了从STEP-NC文件中直接提取制造信息并在实验平台上进行实际加工的基本方法，建立了基于特征的数控加工系统，提出了相应的实现方法和技术。最后在VC＋＋6．0和ST-Developer10集成环境下，利用开放式三维实验平台提供的运动控制器函数库和动态连接库，开发了一个基本的STEP-NC控制平台，其基本功能包括STEP-NC文件的翻译、制造信息的提取、执行和控制等，并能以特征为单位进行加工实验。     

基于STEP的网络化制造框架系统初步研究

基于网络的STEP和XML数据共享技术不断发展,STEP-NC数控系统也日益兴起,但都限于网络制造的某个层次.文章针对这两方面的缺点,从两者结合的角度出发,提出了一种新的网络化制造框架系统方案,对其实现原理和应用过程进行了介绍,对系统的特点进行了总结,阐述了其对制造业的影响.     

Strategic advantages of interoperability for global manufacturing using CNC technology

In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements in computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) can be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various components of the CAx chain is therefore a major prerequisite for manufacturing enterprises for becoming strategically agile and consequently globally competitive. Being interoperable, resources can be utilized interchangeably in a plug-and-produce manner. Over the last 8 years the eminence of a STEP standard for machining entitled STEP-NC (numerical control) has become a well-known vehicle for research to improve the level of information availability at the CNC machine tool. In this paper, the authors introduce the background to the evolution of CNC manufacturing over the last 50 years and the current standards available for programming. A review of the literature in interoperable CNC manufacturing is then provided relating to milling, turn–mill and other NC processes. The major part of the paper provides a strategic view of how interoperability can be implemented across the CAx chain with a range of standards used to regulate the flow of information. Finally, the paper outlines the advantages and major issues for future developments in interoperability, identifying future key requirements and limiting factors.     

Developing a virtual machining model to generate MTConnect machine-monitoring data from STEP-NC

The ability to predict performance of manufacturing equipment during early stages of process planning is vital for improving efficiency of manufacturing processes. In the metal cutting industry, measurement of machining performance is usually carried out by collecting machine-monitoring data that record the machine tool’s actions (e.g. coordinates of axis location and power consumption). Understanding the impacts of process planning decisions is central to the enhancement of the machining performance. However, current methodologies lack the necessary models and tools to predict impacts of process planning decisions on the machining performance. This paper presents the development of a virtual machining model (called STEP2M model) that generates machine-monitoring data from process planning data. The STEP2M model builds upon a physical model-based analysis for the sources of energy on a machine tool, and adopts STEP-NC and MTConnect standardised interfaces to represent process planning and machine-monitoring data. We have developed a prototype system for 2-axis turning operation and validated the system by conducting an experiment using a Computer Numerical Control lathe. The virtual machining model presented in this paper enables process planners to analyse machining performance through virtual measurement and to perform interoperable data communication through standardised interfaces.     

Standard process monitoring and traceability programming in collaborative CAD/CAM/CNC manufacturing scenarios

The paper focuses on collaborative STEP-based CAD/CAM/CNC supply chains to program and automate machining process data monitoring and traceability activities. A traceability interface (traceability nc_functions) is defined for the new CNC programming standard ISO STEP-NC. CAM systems will be able to program monitoring and data access activities by inserting traceability nc_function calls in CNC programs. On the shop floor, controllers will automatically interpret these nc_functions to access process data while machining and will relate data records with the corresponding machining operations in a STEP-NC part program. With both types of information—process data and standard machining program (STEP-NC part program)—spread and technologically heterogeneous engineering systems will have full knowledge about what has happened in production. Traceability data access automation will assure data reliability. The paper describes a traceability scenario where standards such as MTConnect and ISA-95 support, rather than interfere with, the STEP-NC traceability proposal.     

An innovative software architecture to improve information flow from CAM to CNC

Over the years, machine tool evolution has allowed faster equipment, using new configurations, to manufacture parts that were almost impossible to machine in the past. Despite this tremendous evolution in machine and control technologies, the metalworking industry is still using the old ISO 6983 G-Codes programming interface to control the motion of these machines. This programming interface is not the most flexible or most appropriate for use by new open-architecture machine controllers and object-oriented high-level machining interfaces such as ISO 14649 (STEP-NC). This work proposes an innovative language, the ‘Base Numerical Control Language (BNCL),’ which is based on a low-level simple instruction set-like approach. The architecture is designed around two concepts: the BNCL virtual machine, which acts as a virtual microprocessor, and the BNCL virtual hardware, which is an abstraction of the machine tool. The language is characterised by its simplicity and flexibility, two qualities that are critical in a market in which the capabilities and performance of machines are constantly improving. The proposed architectural concepts are validated through various computer simulation and physical tests, including performance throughput, trajectory driving, and CNC controller extension capabilities.     

STEP-NC数控系统的NURBS曲面插补方法

针对发展新一代STEP—NC数控系统的需求，对适合这类新型数控系统的NURBS曲面插补控制方法进行了研究，给出了该方法涉及的曲面信息处理、加工路径规划和实时轨迹插补算法。插补实例表明。所提出的方法可行。具有较高的精度和良好的实时性。可以满足高性能STEP—NC数控系统的要求。