Efficient Reflectance and Visibility Approximations for Environment Map Rendering

We present a technique for approximating isotropic BRDFs and precomputed self-occlusion that enables accurate and efficient prefiltered environment map rendering. Our approach uses a nonlinear approximation of the BRDF as a weighted sum of isotropic Gaussian functions. Our representation requires a minimal amount of storage, can accurately represent BRDFs of arbitrary sharpness, and is above all, efficient to render. We precompute visibility due to self-occlusion and store a low-frequency approximation suitable for glossy reflections. We demonstrate our method by fitting our representation to measured BRDF data, yielding high visual quality at real-time frame rates.     

海面上电大尺寸目标电磁散射特性研究

基于几何光学法(GO)、物理光学法(PO)、射线弹跳法(SBR)和等效电流法(MEC),提出了一种快速计算金属海面上电大尺寸目标电磁散射的解析算法。该算法考虑了阴影效应,运用GO/PO+SBR计算了目标与海面的镜面反射以及它们之间的多次相互作用,并运用MEC计算了目标的棱边绕射以改进计算结果。应用该算法计算了平板上方规则金属目标的双站雷达散射截面(RCS),并与传统矩量法(MoM)进行比较,验证了算法的有效性。最后,计算了PM(Pierson-Moskowitz)海浪谱的随机海洋粗糙面上舰船模型目标的散射特性,并对计算结果进行了分析,讨论了海洋面以及入射波参数对散射结果的影响。     

LMSS中的遮蔽衰落模式分析

本文对ＬＭＳＳ遮蔽环境中的衰落分布进行了分析，利用现有实验数据和ＥＲＳ模式的基本形式，重新确定了经验模式参数在不同遮蔽条件下与仰角和频率的关系；     

Non‐Local Image Reconstruction for Efficient Computation of Synthetic Bidirectional Texture Functions

Visual prototyping of materials is relevant for many computer graphics applications. A large amount of modelling flexibility can be obtained by directly rendering micro‐geometry. While this is possible in principle, it is usually computationally expensive. Recently, bidirectional texture functions (BTFs) have become popular for efficient photorealistic rendering of surfaces. We propose an efficient system for the computation of synthetic BTFs using Monte Carlo path tracing of micro‐geometry. We observe that BTFs usually consist of many similar apparent bidirectional reflectance distribution functions. By exploiting structural similarity we can reduce rendering times by one order of magnitude. This is done in a process we call non‐local image reconstruction, which has been inspired by non‐local means filtering. Our results indicate that synthesizing BTFs is highly practical and may currently only take a few minutes for BTFs with 70 × 70 viewing and lighting directions and 128 × 128 pixels.     

环形井群激发的渗流场之复分析

本文采用复势叠加的方法,得到了环形井群的复势通式。运用该通式,解析了一系列井群的势场和速度场,并推导出了相应的产能公式。分析发现该通式形式简洁,含义明确,变化灵活,具有很强的通用性。     

WCDMA uplink capacity and interference statistics of highways cigar-shaped microcells

The capacity and the interference statistics (mean value and variance) of the sectors of the cigar-shaped Wideband Code Division Multiple Access microcells are studied. The two-slope propagation model is used in the analysis. A model of five microcells is used to calculate the uplink capacity and interference statistics assuming highways cigar-shaped microcells. The capacity and the interference statistics of the microcell are studied for different sector range, propagation exponent, antenna side lobe levels and different standard deviation of the power control error. It is noticed that the quasi-maximum uplink sector capacity can be got when the sector range R is between 600 and 1,200 m and the sidelobe level of the directive antenna used in each sector is on the order of −15 dB.     

The BMLA/LS technique and its application in A mobile satellite communication channel

The burst mode link analyser with least squares algorithm (BMLA/LS) is a real-time impulse or frequency response extraction (IRE/FRE) technique of a satellite communication channel, originated and explored by the author. This paper summarizes some key technical points of the BMLA/LS and presents its novel simulation results and applications in a land-mobile DBPSK/DQPSK satellite channel at K_a-band, including the channel additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) effect on IRE/FRE by BMLA/LS, and the instantaneous IRE/FRE in a Rician channel with multi-path reflection, in a shadowed channel by trees and in a combinational fading channel, and their comparisons and conclusions.     

Cuttlefish: Color Mapping for Dynamic Multi‐Scale Visualizations

Visualizations of hierarchical data can often be explored interactively. For example, in geographic visualization, there are continents, which can be subdivided into countries, states, counties and cities. Similarly, in models of viruses or bacteria at the highest level are the compartments, and below that are macromolecules, secondary structures (such as α‐helices), amino‐acids, and on the finest level atoms. Distinguishing between items can be assisted through the use of color at all levels. However, currently, there are no hierarchical and adaptive color mapping techniques for very large multi‐scale visualizations that can be explored interactively. We present a novel, multi‐scale, color‐mapping technique for adaptively adjusting the color scheme to the current view and scale. Color is treated as a resource and is smoothly redistributed. The distribution adjusts to the scale of the currently observed detail and maximizes the color range utilization given current viewing requirements. Thus, we ensure that the user is able to distinguish items on any level, even if the color is not constant for a particular feature. The coloring technique is demonstrated for a political map and a mesoscale structural model of HIV. The technique has been tested by users with expertise in structural biology and was overall well received.     

Rotary shadowing with platinum-carbon in biological electron microscopy: A review of methods and applications

Rotary shadowing when combined with such specimen preparation techniques as quick freezing and deep etching, critical point drying, and glycerol spraying is a highly versatile method of visualizing cell and macromolecular ultrastructure. This review outlines the procedures commonly used to prepare specimens for rotary shadowing and evaluates the relative merits of rotary shadowing when compared to unidirectional shadowing and negative staining.