25%小偏置碰撞策略及测试评估研究

随着汽车事故的增加,且小重叠碰撞事故死亡率居高不下,小偏置碰撞试验逐渐成为焦点。基于IIHS公布的最新车辆碰撞试验结果,统计超过100余款不同类型的25%小偏置碰撞车辆,建立碰撞转角与碰撞区域的数学模型,将25%小偏置碰撞归结为三种不同的碰撞策略,分别是吸能策略、掠过策略和掠过与吸能策略;并进行试验验证,对三种策略的优缺点进行分析。结果表明,小偏置碰撞试验可运用合理的碰撞策略达到法规要求,对25%小偏置碰撞试验具有一定的参考价值。     

Ecological Planting Imperative: Functional Systems,Not Stylized Ecologies

The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems. These systems will be built with plants. Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes, the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems. New approaches and tools are required. This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites. Planting methods that increase species richness, functional diversity, and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings. Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress, disturbance, and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible, long-lived plant mixes. To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes, the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public. The strategies explored here are based on the projects, experience, and research of Phyto Studio, a Washington, D.C. based studio. The methods build on work described in the author’s book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.     

A strategic roadmap for large-scale green hydrogen demonstration and commercialisation in China: A review and survey analysis

Hydrogen is gaining increased attention from industries and policymakers in China. However, most of the current demonstration projects in the country have relied on conventional energy sources, including industrial byproduct hydrogen and grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. Moreover, strategies and policy frameworks leading to a shift to green or low-carbon hydrogen have neither been explored in-depth nor been identified clearly in the context of China. This study aims at bridging such gaps. Roadmapping techniques enhanced by the Delphi method and SWOT analysis are used to survey hydrogen energy experts from government bodies, industries, and academia to achieve basic agreement on strategically enabling large-scale green hydrogen demonstrations followed by commercialisation in China. The outcome of two rounds of surveys showed that experts' opinions converged on a strategic roadmap with three stages of development. The corresponding policies needed in each stage are evaluated and selected to form a systemic framework.     

"适可而止"--"集合设计"在浙大网新科技园上的设计策略

“适可而止”是一种态度。文章用这个词归纳并品评了“集合设计”在浙大网新科技园项目上的设计策略。实际上,这种态度不仅体现在本项目的操作上,也反映在大部分中国建筑师目前时常面临的选择当中——关键是态度的指向能否逐渐形成更多积极性的策略。文章希望在追求“单纯性”、设计实验、细节控制和如何介入城市空间等方面的讨论能引导更多的读者有意识地用批判的眼光反观和印证自己的设计实践。     

一种用于三电平逆变器的SVPWM调制方法研究

本文从二极管箝位型三电平逆变器的基本结构出发，分析其输出状态，推导出六角形空间电压矢量图。然后从一种改进的，可以减小开关损耗，避免高的dv／dt三电平空间矢量PWM调制策略出发，建立了基于Matlab的详细仿真方案，验证了方案的可行性。文章给出了扇区判断的算法流程图，脉冲生成模块的内部结构图，其中的扇区判断的算法和脉冲生成方法对于用DSP实现三电平SVPWM具有重要的参考价值。     

Average consensus in networks of dynamic agents with switching topologies and multiple time-varying delays

In this paper, we discuss average consensus problem in undirected networks of dynamic agents with fixed and switching topologies as well as multiple time-varying communication delays. By employing a linear matrix inequality method, we prove that all the nodes in the network achieve average consensus asymptotically for appropriate communication delays if the network topology is connected. Particularly, several feasible linear matrix inequalities are established to determine the maximal allowable upper bound of time-varying communication delays. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the sharpness of the theoretical results.     

Reliability and performance analysis of time – space – time switching networks with multiple separated space switches

Since electronic switching systems usually require very strict reliability requirements as well as good performance objectives, we need to jointly analyse the performance and reliability of switching systems. In this paper, we compare conventional time–space–time switches with single space switches with those with multiple separated space switches, from the viewpoints of reliability and performance. We consider time–space–time switching networks which consist of N incoming time switches, i.e. one NxN space switch, two (N/2)x(N/2) space switches, and four (N/4)x(N/4) space switches. We introduce a Markov reliability model to study the effect of failures and analyse the reliability and performance of three different types of switching networks in terms of average blocking probability and the mean time to unreliable operation, as we vary the offered traffic. As a result, T–S–T switching networks with multiple separated space switches exhibit better performance and reliability than those with single space switches.     

特高压快速接地开关的研制

特高压输电线路上,潜供电弧对线路产生的影响不容忽视,潜供电弧的顺利熄灭是实现单相自动重合闸的必要条件.稳态下潜供电流和恢复电压幅值是潜供电弧熄灭的两个决定性因素.快速接地开关作为重要的电器设备,越来越多的应用于电力系统中.快速接地开关除了在系统发生故障时接地外,还能快速关合潜供电流和降低恢复电压.本文根据750kV系统潜供电弧的特点和熄弧要求,研制了一种快速接地开关,着重对触头系统进行了研究,计算了触头压力、触头电动力及断口开距的大小,给出了快速接地开关整体设计思路和结构图.     

Implementation of multipoint connections in an ATM switching network

This paper presents the problems in the implementation of multipoint connections at switching level using the example of an ATM switching network. By choosing the proper routeing mechanism and the appropriate architecture of the switching element, a switching network can gradually be adapted to an increasing share of multipoint traffic. The first section describes the problems with the handling of multipoint connections within a multiple stage connection oriented switching network. In particular this refers to the routeing of the cells through the switching network. Several alternatives on this issue are discussed. Both, the selected approach based on a differentiated self-routeing mechanism and the corresponding cell format are introduced. In the second part of this article several switch architectures are compared in respect of their multipoint capability. It is demonstrated that at present the most promising solution are switching elements based on the principle of central buffering. A single chip solution using this concept is employed in the presented switching network.