不同施钾水平对玉米干物质及产量的影响

生物产量是提高经济产量的基础,而施肥是调控生物产量及其组分动态转化的重要手段。本研究通过不同施钾水平对玉米干物质积累动态变化的影响分析,确定出钾肥合理用量,为玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据。     

A new methodology to appraise the physical characteristics of maize silage by image processing: effect of the ensiling process

We present a new computer vision method for measuring the physical characteristics of maize silages based on the extraction of image textural features, namely five Haralick features, the moments of order 1 and 2 on the grey levels of the image, and a fractal parameter. To show the effectiveness of these features for characterising the physical properties of the maize silage, a trial was performed on three maize cultivars (Zea mays L, a mid–early hybrid and an early hybrid) to study the effects of the ensiling process. The features could discern effects of the ensiling process on the physical properties of the maize silage. These effects were neither significant by comparing particle size distributions, nor with chemical compositions, whereas a biological response (degradation in the rumen) to the ensiling process exists. Thus image textural features seemed to give new and interesting measurements of the physical properties of the silage, explaining the biological response better than other methods. Furthermore, the ensiling effect was not the same with all the maize types and varied with the proportion of large particles in the silages. Linear relations between features before and after the ensiling process made it possible to predict a measure on a silage knowing its value on the parent forage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon

The shortening of fallow period in several areas in tropical Africa has reduced soil fertility and exposed soils to erosion and run-off. Fertilizer application and crop conservation practices are needeed to sustain high crop yield and to conserve the natural resource base for upland crop production in the continent. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and soil and crop residues management practices on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) planted on a Plinthudult soil at Bertoua, Eastern Cameroon. Maize yields increased significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Under the rainfall pattern prevailing in the area, the amount of nitrogen required for maximum yield was higher in the second season. On the other hand, the amount of phosphorus required for maximum yield appeared to decrease with time. The burning of crop residues and weeds prior to planting together with no-till practive gave higher yield of maize than other soil and crop residues management practices.     

Nitrogen fixation of and N transfer from cowpea, mungbean and groundnut when intercropped with maize

Grain legumes are used widely in intercropping systems. However, quantitative and comparative data available as to their N₂ fixation and N beneficial effect on the companion crop in intercropping systems are scarce. Hence, studies were conducted to ascertain the above when cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were intercropped with maize. The study was¹⁵N-aided and made outdoors in basins (30 L) filled with 38 kg of soil.¹⁵N labelling was effected by incorporating¹⁵N-tagged plant material or applying¹⁵N-labelled fertilizer along with sucrose to stabilize¹⁵N enrichment in the soil during the experimental period. Intercropped groundnut fixed the highest amount of nitrogen from the atmosphere (i.e. 552 mg plant^–1), deriving 85% of its N from the atmosphere. Intercropped cowpea and mungbean fixed 161 and 197 mg N plant^–1, obtaining 81% and 78% of their N content from the atmosphere, respectively. The proportion of N derived by maize from the associated legume varied from 7-11% for mungbean, 11–20% for cowpea and 12–26% for groundnut which amounted to about 19–22, 29–45 and 33–60 mg N maize plant^–1, respectively. The high nitrogen fixation potential of groundnut in dual stands and its relatively low harvest index for N have apparently contributed to greater N-benefical effect on the associated crop.     

我国燃料乙醇产业及其对石油消费的局部替代性研究

从燃料乙醇局部替代石油消费的角度，结合经济计量模型和实地调研对燃料乙醇产业未来的盈利能力，市场规模以及其对玉米市场冲击进行了阐述。     

ELISA法检测玉米中AFB1样品提取方法改进的研究

在用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定玉米AFB1含量的过程中,通过改进样品提取方法,将样品本身的影响因素所造成的误差降至最小.结果表明:ELISA定量检测的标准工作溶液与样品提取液内成分相当时,样品检测结果准确,回收率稳定在83%以上.     

Effects of molasses grass,Melinis minutiflora volatiles on the foraging behavior of the cereal stemborer parasitoid,Cotesia sesamiae

Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors.     

间歇式用能模式下墙体热分析

针对夏热冬冷地区间歇式用能特点,采用ANSYS软件对外墙内外保温墙体进行热分析。通过间断式施加温度荷载模拟空调运行,分析两种保温形式的墙体内温度变化情况。研究结果表明,受墙体内侧温度荷载的影响,内保温墙体内表面温度变化明显,且热量集中分布在内侧保温层部分,不易散失;外保温墙体受内侧温度荷载的影响较小,热量在墙体内分布均匀。在相同时间内,内保温需要施加荷载的时间明显比外保温的少。     

2014年灵丘春玉米生育期气象条件分析

根据灵丘县2014年4月下旬到9月下旬的气象观测资料和玉米获得高产所需的农业气象条件,对灵丘县春玉米生育期的气象条件进行了综合分析,得出2014-04—09的综合气象条件能满足春玉米生长发育的需求。其中,有3个时段的气象条件与春玉米生育阶段的需求不吻合,即5月上旬出现冷害、7月中下旬降水偏少、9月出现阶段性低温和阴雨寡照天气,这些不利气象条件都会对春玉米的发育造成不同程度的影响。