Talking About Meter in SGML

This paper describes an encoding for representing quantitativemetrical analyses in TEI SGML or XML documents, using only charactersfrom the standard keyboard set, and a system for converting thisencoding to other forms for display.     

The design of the TEI encoding scheme

This paper discusses the basic design of the encoding scheme described by the Text Encoding Initiative'sGuidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange (TEI document number TEI P3, hereafter simplyP3 orthe Guidelines). It first reviews the basic design goals of the TEI project and their development during the course of the project. Next, it outlines some basic notions relevant for the design of any markup language and uses those notions to describe the basic structure of the TEI encoding scheme. It also describes briefly the core tag set defined in chapter 6 of P3, and the default text structure defined in chapter 7 of that work. The final section of the paper attempts an evaluation of P3 in the light of its original design goals, and outlines areas in which further work is still needed.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen is a Senior Research Programmer at the academic computer center of the University of Illinois at Chicago; his interests include medieval Germanic languages and literatures and the theory of electronic text markup. Since 1988 he has been editor in chief of the ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Initiative. Lou Burnard is Director of the Oxford Text Archive at Oxford University Computing Services, with interests in electronic text and database technology. He is European Editor of the Text Encoding Initiative's Guidelines.     

A rationale for the TEI recommendations for feature-structure markup

In this paper, we concentrate on justifying the decisions we made in developing the TEI recommendations for feature structure markup. The first four sections of this paper present the justification for the recommended treatment of feature structures, of features and their values, and of combinations of features or values and of alternations and negations of features and their values. Section 5 departs briefly from the linguistic focus to argue that the markup scheme developed for feature structures is in fact a general-purpose mechanism that can be used for a wide range of applications. Section 6 describes an auxiliary document called a feature system declaration that is used to document and validate a system of feature-structure markup. The seventh and final section illustrates the use of the recommended markup scheme with two examples, lexical tagging and interlinear text analysis.Terry Langendoen is Professor and Head of the Department of Linguistics at The University of Arizona. He was Chair of the TEI Committee on Analysis and Interpretation. He received his PhD in Linguistics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964, and held teaching positions at The Ohio State University and the City University of New York (Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center) before moving to Arizona in 1988. He is author, co-author, or co-editor of six books in linguistics, and of numerous articles.Gary Simons is Director of the Academic Computing Department of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, TX. He served on the TEI Committee on Analysis and Interpretation. He received his PhD in Linguistics (with minor emphasis in Computer Science) from Cornell University in 1979. Before taking up his current position in 1984, he spent five years in the Solomon Islands doing field work with SIL. He is author, co-author, or co-editor of eight books in the fields of linguistics and linguistic computing.The initial feature-structure recommendations were formulated by the Analysis and Interpretation Committee at a meeting in Tucson, Arizona in March 1990, following suggestions by Mitch Marcus and Beatrice Santorini. The authors received valuable help in the further revision and refinement of the recommendations from Steven Zepp.     

Frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in disc brakes—Transient problem in the full contact regime

Exceeding the critical sliding velocity in disc brakes can cause unwanted forming of hot spots, non-uniform distribution of contact pressure, vibration, and also, in many cases, permanent damage of the disc. Consequently, in the last decade, a great deal of consideration has been given to modeling methods of thermoelastic instability (TEI), which leads to these effects. Models based on the finite element method are also being developed in addition to the analytical approach.The analytical model of TEI development described in the paper by Lee and Barber [Frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in automotive disk brakes. ASME Journal of Tribology 1993;115:607-14] has been expanded in the presented work. Specific attention was given to the modification of their model, to catch the fact that the arc length of pads is less than the circumference of the disc, and to the development of temperature perturbation amplitude in the early stage of breaking, when pads are in the full contact with the disc. A way is proposed how to take into account both of the initial non-flatness of the disc friction surface and change of the perturbation shape inside the disc in the course of braking.     

The TEI: History, goals, and future

This paper traces the history of the Text Encoding Initiative, through the Vassar Conference and the Poughkeepsie Principles to the publication, in May 1994, of theGuidelines for the Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. The authors explain the types of questions that were raised, the attempts made to resolve them, the TEI project's aims, the general organization of the TEI committees, and they discuss the project's future.Nancy Ide is Associate Professor and chair of Computer Science at Vassar College, and Visiting Researcher at CNRS. She is president of the Association for Computers and the Humanities and chair of the Steering Committee of the Text Encoding Initiative. C. M. Sperberg-McQueen is a Senior Research Programmer at the academic computer center of the University of Illinois at Chicago; his interests include medieval Germanic languages and literatures and the theory of electronic text markup. Since 1988 he has been editor in chief of the ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Initiative.     

Electronically generated records and twentieth century history

The electronic generation of documents in modern offices will trasform the nature of archives, and also the techniques of historical research. Although considerable attention has been directed to developing research methodologies for social and economic history using computerized numeric data, almost no attention has been paid to the impact of machine readable textual records on historical writing. This article considers the advantages and disadvantages for the historian of the shift from paper records to electronic documents, and suggests a number of approaches to historical research made possible by the new technology. Ronald Zweig is a graduate of the University of Sydney (Australia) and Cambridge University (UK). He is currently a Senior Lecturer in Jewish History, and Chairman of the Computing Committee, Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University. He is the author of Britain and Palestine the Second World War;and German Reparations and the Jewish World;he is also editor of David Ben-Gurion: Political Leadership in Israel,as well as the journal Studies in Zionism.     

The show must go on:1 Problems of tagging performance texts

A dramatic work may be seen either as an event or as a text; the TEI guidelines make it possible to encode a dramatic work in either way, but do not attempt to solve the difficult problem of doing both at once. The basic element of a dramatic work, when seen as a text, is the speech; the guidelines also provide elements for encoding other familiar parts of dramatic texts (such as stage directions and cast lists), as well as for encoding analytic information on various aspects of texts and performances that is not normally included in printed dramatic texts. There are often other formal structures in dramatic works that intersect with the structure of speeches — metrical structures, for example; we discuss approaches for encoding these structures.John Lavagnino is a graduate student in English and American Literature at Brandeis University. His fields of interest include Renaissance drama, modern literature, textual scholarship, and electronic textuality. He is Electronics Editor ofThe Collected Works of Thomas Middleton (forthcoming from Oxford University Press).Elli Mylonas is a Lead Project Analyst for the Scholarly Technology Group at Brown University. Formerly she was the Managing Editor of the Perseus Project. Her areas of interest are Roman poetry, textual markup and SGML, and hypertext.The work described in this paper is the outcome of the discussions of the Performance Working Group, whose members are Elli Mylonas (chair), Rosanne G. Potter, John Lavagnino, and Lou Burnard. The authors wish to thank the other two members for their contributions.