特种炭黑BL104与炭黑N115在全钢巨型工程机械子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用对比研究

对比研究特种炭黑BL104与N115炭黑在全钢巨型工程机械子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：与炭黑N115硫化胶相比,特种炭黑BL104硫化胶的磨耗性能、耐热老化性能提高,降低硫化胶生热性能。     

Possibility of obtaining hydrogen from coal/waste–tyre mixture

Technically applicable gas with a high hydrogen content (ca 78%) was obtained through a two-stage pyrolysis of the mixture of Lazy bituminous coal with 15% waste tyre-rubber. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory pyrolysis unit with a 100 g charge. The incorporation of a thermal-degradation module in the stream of steam–gas mixture at the output of the pyrolysis reactor induced the decomposition of volatile products and significantly increased the yield of hydrogen. The influence of temperature of the cracking module (in the range between 900 and 1200 °C) on the amount of hydrogen in the pyrolysis gas was monitored. The solid by-product (carbonaceous residue) may be used as smokeless fuel or a sorbent precursor.     

Pyrolysis of scrap tyres with zeolite USY

A zeolite catalyst of ultrastable Y-type (USY) was investigated in the research of two staged pyrolysis-catalysis of scrap tyres. Scrap tyres were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the evolved pyrolysis gases were passed through a secondary catalytic reactor. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of zeolite USY on the yield of products and the composition of derived oil. The influences of several parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature, catalyst/tyre ratio, heating rate, etc. on the yield of the derived oil, char and gas were investigated. It showed that the increase of catalytic temperature and catalyst/tyre ratio resulted in high yield of gas at the expense of the oil yield. For example, when the catalyst/tyre ratio increased from 0.25 to 1.0, the yield of gas increased from 30.5 to 49.9 wt.%, and the oil yield decreased nearly two-fold from 31.6 to 12.7 wt.%. The concentration of light naphtha (boiling point < 160 degrees C) was also investigated in this study. And the high catalyst/tyre ratio favored to increase the concentration of light naphtha (< 160 degrees C) in oil. In order to study the composition of derived oil, a distilled fraction (< 280 degrees C), which was 92.5 wt.% of the oil obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tyre at a pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature and catalyst/tyre ratio of 500, 400 degrees C and 0.5, respectively, was analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The distillate was found to contain 1.23 wt.% benzene, 9.35 wt.% toluene, 3.68 wt.% ethylbenzene, 12.64 wt.% xylenes, 1.81 wt.% limonene and 13.89 wt.% PAHs, etc., where the single ring aromatics represented a significant potential use as chemicals.     

Estimation of automotive tire force characteristics using wheel velocity

It is important to estimate friction force characteristics between tire and road in order to improve the control performance of a vehicle in critical motions. In this paper, an estimation method which estimates parameters concerned with a friction force margin is proposed by applying the on-line least-squares method to wheel rotational velocities. The effect of the estimation is evaluated by applying the method to the braking control.     

Catalytic pyrolysis of tyres: influence of catalyst temperature

Two stage pyrolysis–catalysis of used tyres was undertaken to upgrade the derived oil to a highly aromatic oil suitable to be used as a chemical feedstock rather than a liquid fuel. The tyres were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the evolved pyrolysis gases were passed through a secondary fixed bed reactor containing zeolite catalyst. The pyrolysis reactor was maintained at 500 °C and the influence of catalyst temperature between 430 and 600 °C on the yield and composition of the derived oils was examined. Two zeolite catalysts were examined; a Y-type zeolite catalyst and zeolite ZSM-5 catalyst of differing pore size and surface activity. The influence of the catalyst was to reduce the yield of oil with a consequent increase in the gas yield and formation of coke on the catalyst. Single ring aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene and xylenes present in the oils showed a marked increase in the presence of the catalyst. Naphthalene and alkylated naphthalenes were also analysed and showed a similar marked increase in the concentration when a catalyst was present. The Y-type zeolite catalyst of larger pore size and higher surface activity was found to produce higher concentrations of aromatic compounds compared to the ZSM-5 catalyst. Increasing the catalyst temperature resulted in significant changes in the concentration of benzene, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene and the alkylated naphthalenes.     

Temperature selective condensation of tyre pyrolysis oils to maximise the recovery of single ring aromatic compounds

Scrap tyres were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the evolved pyrolysis gases were passed through a condenser system maintained at separately controlled temperature to determine the yield and composition of the condensed oil. The main objective was to maximise the selective condensation of single ring aromatic compounds which are of known higher commercial value. In addition, the molecular weight range of the condensed oils was also determined. The influence of condenser packing material was also examined. The results showed that the type of packing material within each condenser was also examined and found to be important in determining the yield and composition of the condensed oil. Similarly, condenser temperatures determined the yield and also composition of the oils. Maximum concentrations of single ring aromatic compounds in relation to the selective condensation process showed significant increases in the concentration of certain compounds could be achieved in the condensed oils collected in each condenser.     

A new constitutive model of rubber

A new constitutive model of rubber is proposed based on the kinetics of elastic moduli. The model describes both linear and non-linear behaviour of rubber as well as rupture of inner bonds. In particular, it describes the well-known Mullins and Payne effects. It can be used for simulating both friction and wear of rubber.