Behaviour of sand–clay mixtures for road pavement subgrade

Materials forming sand grains and colluvial soil deposits have a distinct structure, consisting of a composite matrix of coarse and fine soil grains. The influence of sand grains content on the behaviour of sand–clay mixtures was investigated by a series of intensive laboratory experiments. The California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compression strength (UCS) and compaction tests were carried out on various contents of sand and clay mixtures. The sand–clay mixtures were prepared with sand contents of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight. The laboratory tests on these mixtures have indicated that their behaviour will depend on the relative concentration of the sand and clay samples. The results of the tests showed a decrease in the UCS, and an increase the CBR values with an increase in the amount of sand. An increase in dry unit weight and a decrease in respective moisture content by an increase in the amount of sand were observed in the compaction tests.     

A base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 for multilingual identifiers

ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS) is a 31‐bit coding architecture that covers symbols in most of the world's written languages. Identifiers in programming languages are usually defined by using alphanumeric characters of ASCII, which represent mainly English words. An approach for working around this deficiency is to encode multilingual identifiers into the alphanumeric range of ASCII. For case‐sensitive languages, an encoding that utilizes [0–9][A–Z][a–z] can be more space‐efficient for multilingual identifiers. This paper proposes a base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 called UTF‐62. The resulting string of UTF‐62 is within a [0–9][A–Z][a–z] range, a total of 62 base characters. UTF‐62 also preserves the lexicographic sorting order of UCS‐4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

佛山市汾江河疏浚淤泥固化试验研究

汾江河疏浚淤泥的含水率和有机质含量均较高,为了使其达到填埋要求,研究了水泥、石灰和高炉矿渣的单一或组合固化效果.结果表明,随着固化时间的延长,固化淤泥的含水率降低,无侧限抗压强度(UCS)升高;当采用单一固化材料时,水泥和石灰对淤泥的固化效果显著,而高炉矿渣的固化效果不明显;当水泥和石灰的掺入量均为5％、高炉矿渣的掺入量为15％～20％时,固化淤泥的含水率及无侧限抗压强度能达到填埋要求.另外,通过测定浸出液中的重金属浓度发现,水泥、石灰和高炉矿渣复合固化剂对淤泥中的重金属具有一定的固定效果.     

The Hoek–Brown failure criterion and GSI – 2018 edition

The Hoek–Brown criterion was introduced in 1980 to provide input for the design of underground excavations in rock. The criterion now incorporates both intact rock and discontinuities, such as joints, characterized by the geological strength index (GSI), into a system designed to estimate the mechanical behaviour of typical rock masses encountered in tunnels, slopes and foundations. The strength and deformation properties of intact rock, derived from laboratory tests, are reduced based on the properties of discontinuities in the rock mass. The nonlinear Hoek–Brown criterion for rock masses is widely accepted and has been applied in many projects around the world. While, in general, it has been found to provide satisfactory estimates, there are several questions on the limits of its applicability and on the inaccuracies related to the quality of the input data. This paper introduces relatively few fundamental changes, but it does discuss many of the issues of utilization and presents case histories to demonstrate practical applications of the criterion and the GSI system.     

microRNA沉默卡氏肺孢子菌主要表面糖蛋白基因对大鼠卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎的治疗作用

目的探讨靶向卡氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis carinii,PC)主要表面糖蛋白基因(Major surface glycoprotein gene,MSG)上游保守序列(Upstream conserved sequence,UCS)的microRNA重组质粒对大鼠卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎(Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia,PCP)的治疗作用。方法将SD大鼠经腹股沟皮下注射地塞米松磷酸钠7周,制备大鼠PCP感染模型。将模型大鼠随机分为5组:microRNA重组质粒治疗组(M组)、磺胺药物治疗组(H组)、生理盐水对照组(C1组)、空载体质粒对照组(C2组)和模型对照组(C3组),其中M组和C1、C2组经尾静脉分别注射含microRNA重组质粒pPC-UCS、生理盐水和空载体,H组用磺胺药物灌胃治疗,C3组不做处理,每日1次,疗程为7 d。1周后吉姆萨染色,油镜下计数大鼠肺组织液印片中PC包囊数;HE染色,光镜观察肺组织病理改变;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中IL-10和IFNγ的表达水平;RT-PCR法检测肺组织中PC MSG-UCSmRNA的表达水平;电镜观察PC的超微结构。结果与C1、C2和C3组相比,M组和H组大鼠肺组织PC包囊数均明显减少(P<0.05),肺组织炎症较轻,大鼠血清IL-10的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而IFNγ的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),大鼠肺组织PC MSG-UCS mRNA的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);电镜观察显示,M组和H组PC包囊表面均出现破损,C1、C2、C3组未发现破损。结论 microRNA重组质粒pPC-UCS对大鼠PCP有明显的治疗作用,为治疗PCP提供了新的思路。     

秸秆灰渣改良膨胀土三维膨胀特性试验研究

利用秸秆灰渣作为添加剂,进行室内改良膨胀土试验,研究改良后膨胀土的三维自由体变化特性及无侧限抗压强度特征。秸秆灰渣以(干质量之比)0%,10%,15%,20%的比例与素膨胀土混合进行击实试验,在最大干密度及最佳含水率条件下进行三维自由体膨胀、膨胀力和无侧限抗压强度3个试验,在液限状态下进行三维自由体收缩试验。根据三维自由体应变及膨胀压力特征,拟合出秸秆灰渣最佳含量的线性方程,得出灰渣的最佳含量为17%。试验结果表明:膨胀土的体应变、塑性指标和膨胀压力随着秸秆灰渣含量的增加而逐渐降低,无侧限抗压强度随着秸秆灰渣的增加逐渐提高;对未养护的试样,秸秆灰渣对无侧限抗压强度影响不明显,而试样养护7 d后的强度提高较为明显。     

Genome organization of the linear cytoplasmic element pPE1B from Pichia etchellsii.

The linear cytoplasmic element pPE1B from Pichia etchellsii CBS2011 (synonym Debaryomyces etchellsii) was totally sequenced. It consists of 12835 bp and has a remarkable high A+T content of 77.3%. The termini of pPE1B were found to consist of inversely orientated identical nucleotide repetitions 161 base pairs long, to which proteins are probably covalently linked at the 5' ends. Ten putative genes (open reading frames, ORFs) were identified, covering 96.5% of the total sequence. The predicted polypeptides correspond to proteins encoded by ORFs 2-11 of the linear plasmids pGKL2 of Kluyveromyces lactis and pSKL of Saccharomyces kluyveri. ORF1, existing on both latter elements, is lacking on pPE1B. An upstream conserved sequence motif (UCS) is located at the expected distance from the start codon of each of the 10 ORFs. As the arbitrarily chosen UCS6 was able to drive expression of a reporter gene in the heterologous pGKL-encoded killer system of K. lactis, extranuclear promoter function is probable. The almost congruent genome organization of pPE1B and other autonomous linear yeast plasmids sequenced so far, i.e. pGKL2 and pSKL, suggests a common, presumably viral, ancestor.     

用单轴抗压强度试验分析瑞典Äspö 废物 罐回取试验中的岩石损伤

 废物回取试验是一个在瑞典Äspö 地下实验室完成的,历时近5 a,为全尺寸处置库模拟加热试验。试验在一个直径f 1.75 m、深度8.5 m的钻孔中进行。开挖和加热后周边岩石中的温度升高、应力改变,因此,试验中岩石中可能产生的损伤是工程设计中关心的课题之一。为此,试验结束后,在试验孔3个不同深度处沿垂直和平行于最大主应力方向施打6个深度约1.5 m的近水平取样孔,并采集了12组岩样。对这12组岩样用MTS 815 岩石力学试验系统进行了单轴抗压强度试验。从单轴抗压强度、裂隙起始应力、裂隙损伤应力、最大裂隙体积应变和最大总体变进行了对比和分析,试验结果分析表明：从最大裂隙体积应变分析,在垂直于最大主应力方向的处置孔孔壁的岩石上可能存在一些轻微的微破裂为特征的损伤。从宏观力学特性来说,岩石没有任何可测的损伤。     

用单轴抗压强度试验分析瑞典Aspo废物罐回取试验中的岩石损伤

废物回取试验是一个在瑞典(A)sp(o) 地下实验室完成的,历时近5 a,为全尺寸处置库模拟加热试验.试验在一个直径Φ1.75 m、深度8.5 m的钻孔中进行.开挖和加热后周边岩石中的温度升高、应力改变,因此,试验中岩石中可能产生的损伤是工程设计中关心的课题之一.为此,试验结束后,在试验孔3个不同深度处沿垂直和平行于最大主应力方向施打6个深度约1.5 m的近水平取样孔,并采集了12组岩样.对这12组岩样用MTS 815 岩石力学试验系统进行了单轴抗压强度试验.从单轴抗压强度、裂隙起始应力、裂隙损伤应力、最大裂隙体积应变和最大总体变进行了对比和分析,试验结果分析表明:从最大裂隙体积应变分析,在垂直于最大主应力方向的处置孔孔壁的岩石上可能存在一些轻微的微破裂为特征的损伤.从宏观力学特性来说,岩石没有任何可测的损伤.     

落叶松目测等级规格材顺纹抗压强度尺寸效应

以落叶松规格材为试验对象,研究了不同目测等级下该规格材截面宽度与其顺纹抗压强度之间的依存性.试验选取1 630根目测等级规格材,分成高、低目测等级组.测试6.5,9.0,14.0cm三个宽度试件的顺纹抗压强度,并利用斜率法和形状参数法求得高、低目测等级组顺纹抗压强度5%分位值的宽度尺寸效应系数.结果表明:用斜率法获得高、低目测等级组试件顺纹抗压强度5%分位值的宽度尺寸效应系数分别为0.11,0.20;该宽度尺寸效应系数可以应用于落叶松规格材强度的宽度尺寸调整;对于低目测等级组试件,用形状参数法估计的参数与用斜率法求得的宽度尺寸效应系数的倒数近似.