Rapid Analysis of Volatile Release from Powders using Dynamic Vapor Sorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT: It is hypothesized that a dynamic vapor sorption instrument coupled with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer (APCI-MS) may be useful for rapid analysis of volatile release from dry food materials. Preliminary data from a related system (Vapor Generator Instrument-APCI-MS) was used to monitor release of volatiles from spray-dried food polymers as a function of relative humidity at 40 °C. The system demonstrated differences in volatile release as a function of volatile compound, relative humidity, and food polymer. Comparison of these data with data collected using traditional shelf life study methodologies, and concerns for the ability of the method to accurately reflect time-dependent changes are discussed.     

城市公园绿视率对人体身心健康的影响——以杭州为例

绿视率为城市公园环境评估的重要指标,其对人体身心健康影响的效应有待深入探讨,研究结果可为城市绿地规划建设及优化提供参考。基于城市公园实景影像,通过VR技术、利用POMS量表与语义分析量表评分作为心理评估指标,皮电信号值作为生理评估指标,探究基于绿视率的城市公园环境对人体身心健康的影响机制。结果表明：（1）城市公园绿色空间静态VR体验能使个体精神放松,增加积极情绪,减少消极情绪;（2）在实验条件下（绿视率范围10%～66%）,随着场景绿视率的增加,个体心理、生理恢复愈加显著;（3）当环境绿视率低于35%时,其对个体的身心恢复受多因素协同影响,如水体面积、空间开敞度、硬质场地面积等;当绿视率值高于35%时,绿视率为环境对个体身心影响的主导因子。     

The role of VGI and PGI in supporting outdoor activities

This paper explored the question of how volunteered and professional geographic information (VGI and PGI) can be used together in an outdoor recreation context. In particular, consideration is given to what makes each information source valuable to the user, and how this can be used to help developers of GIS provide more useful, usable and satisfying products. The assumption that VGI is inferior to PGI is shown to be unfounded; rather each has its own strengths in describing particular aspects of the user information landscape. Considering the opportunities to influence user activities, both VGI and PGI have a greater ability to influence the user in the planning phase than actually during the activity. The importance of the author of the information (volunteer or professional) is shown to be of less importance to the end-user than the characteristics which describe the information in terms of communication, frequency of updates and accessibility.     

Usability of Geographic Information: Current challenges and future directions

The use of Geographic Information or GI, has grown rapidly in recent years. Previous research has identified the importance of usability and user centred design in enabling the proliferation and exploitation of GI. However, the design and development of usable GI is not simply a matter of applying the tried and tested usability methods that have been developed for software and web design. Dealing with data and specifically GI brings with it a number of issues that change the way usability and user centred design can be applied. This paper describes the outcomes of a workshop held in March 2010 exploring the core issues relating to GI usability. The workshop brought together an international group of twenty experts in both human factors and GI, from a wide range of academic and industrial backgrounds. These experts considered three key issues, the stakeholders in GI, key challenges applying usability to GI and the usability methods that can be successfully applied to GI. The result of this workshop was to identify some areas for future research, such as the production of meaningful metadata and the implications of blurring of the line between data producers and data consumers.     

聚合VGI与GF-2影像的地震救援协助救灾信息获取研究

地震会给人类社会带来巨大损失,在地震发生后及时获得准确有效的地震救援协助救灾信息,为相关部门制定救援方案提供辅助信息,能够最大程度地减少人员伤亡及经济损失,对抢险救灾、应急指挥具有重大意义。地震发生后,为快速获取协助救灾信息,通过Python爬取九寨沟震后微博数据,分类并获取位置信息,聚合地震后自发地理信息（VGI）与遥感影像,进行服务区、最近设施点路径分析,并利用震前震后影像变化提取泥石流滑坡区域。结果表明：震后第一时间对有效数据进行聚合分析,能有效地获取设施点的服务区范围和最优可达路径,形成地理信息互补,在灾害应急等领域发挥出巨大的作用;通过聚合分析VGI与遥感影像数据获取地震协助救灾信息,在应急救援中具有一定可行性。     

Safety-aware routing for motorised tourists based on open data and VGI

Abstract

In this work, we present a routing approach avoiding relatively dangerous areas within a city. The information of how dangerous some urban areas are is derived using volunteered geographic information (VGI), governmental open data for detecting properties and functionalities of the urban infrastructure and historical crime data from police departments for detecting crime hot spots. Therefore, we present the basics of crime mapping and analysis with GIS, the practical use of VGI for routing and describe our contribution within the field of routing solutions. Afterwards, we explore our test data in detail. For the practical use, we simplify all the urban infrastructure information and propose a safety index, which represents the relative safety in the investigation area. Additionally, historical crime hot spots are detected and used as routing obstacles. The arcs in the road network are weighted by our safety index and the historical crime hot spots are introduced as obstacle polygons. We test our safety-aware routing design on Los Angeles (LA) and assume its use during night times. In this regard, from two relatively far away situated origin and destination points, we calculate the least dangerous path and compare it with the calculated shortest path. Vehicle drivers without knowledge about the dangerous areas in the city may use the least dangerous path, which is based on our calculated safety index. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of our method and consider further extensions using freely available geodata.     

A Web-based Public Participation GIS for assessing the age-friendliness of cities: A case study in Tehran,Iran

Senior citizens are commonly regarded as the vulnerable class of society; requiring elderly-friendly urban environments as well as particular municipal services to respond to their specific needs. This study proceeds to design a PPGIS (Public Participation GIS) by means of integrating VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information), GIS and MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Analysis) techniques aiming to evaluate the age-friendliness of cities. The proposed PPGIS assesses the age-friendliness of cities through integrating certain criteria weights determined by the elderly with VGI collected by regular citizens. The system was used to create the age-friendliness map of district # 6 of Tehran, Iran. The resulting map shows that the center of the district is more age-friendly than the other areas. Based on the evaluation results, the majority of citizens found the system to be a suitable tool for evaluating the age-friendliness of the city, collecting VGI related to the elderly’s urban environment and helping urban planners improve the age-friendliness of the city. Nonetheless, a rather small percentage of citizens concur that: (i) the PPGIS is a suitable tool for persuading citizens to participate in the city age-friendliness assessment and that (ii) the PPGIS provides a reliable way for assessing the age-friendliness of cities.     

Action and interaction in volunteered geographic information: a workshop review

This paper presents a summary of the Action and Interaction in Volunteered Geographic Information international workshop which was held as a one day pre-conference workshop to the 16th Annual Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe conference in Leuven, Belgium in May 2013. This paper summarises the important outcomes of workshop presentations and key discussion statements from participant contributions to an open-floor discussion on the most pertinent issues in Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) research. Participants engaged this discussion focused on what are the most likely problems which could form the basis for a research agenda in VGI composed of both short- and long-term research objectives. While the development of a VGI research agenda will require the involvement of the broadest possible spectrum of disciplines, this paper is, none-the-less, an important first step on this journey.     

大学校园的健康服务功能及要素构成—以北京为例

作为教学科研场所的大学校园,可以提供重要的健康服务功能。但是,除了为师生提供服务,市民是否也应该享受大学校园提供的健康服务缺乏清晰的判定。以大学校园承载的健走、跑步等线性体育活动为研究对象,利用在线用户最多的"咕咚软件"获取运动健身活动的VGI共享数据,结合GIS分析技术,从个体属性、运动时间、运动空间、运动模式4个维度,分析行为与空间的关系,通过比对城市空间和校园空间的健身特征,对高校提供的健康服务功能进行解析,判定大学校园提供的健康服务功能。研究表明,校园空间承载着将近30%的城市健身行为,对师生和市民都具有较高的支持潜力。校园健身活动的主要空间载体是校园道路、体育设施和景观空间,空间类型多元化可以有效地促进体育活动。同时,校园的安全效应也增强了校园健身的吸引力。因此,合理有效的校园管理可以提升校园对城市的健康服务效能。     

Gazetteer enrichment for addressing urban areas: a case study

The advent of volunteered geographical information (VGI) has contributed to the growth of the amount of user-contributed spatial data around the world. Spatial data acquired from crowdsourcing environments may contain valuable information which can be useful in other research fields, such as Digital gazetteers, commonly used in Geographic Information Retrieval. Digital gazetteers have a powerful role in the geoparsing process. They need to be kept up-to-date and as comprehensive as possible to enable geoparsers to perform lookup and then resolve toponym recognition precisely over digital documents. The detection of toponyms in digital texts such as social media posts is a bottom line for discovering useful spatially related information such as complaints regarding urban areas. In this context, this article proposes a method for gazetteer enrichment leveraging VGI data sources. Indeed VGI environments are not originally developed to work as gazetteers, however, they often contain more detailed and up-to-date information than gazetteers. Our method is applied within a geoparser environment by adapting its heuristics set besides enriching the corresponding gazetteer. A case study was performed by geoparsing Twitter posts focusing solely on the messages aiming at evaluating the performance of the enriched system. The obtained results were encouraging and have provided a good basis for discussion.