Calcium deficient hydroxyapatite by precipitation: Continuous process by vortex reactor and semi-batch synthesis

Precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an environmentally benign manner by using only dilute solutions of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid without pH adjustment and addition of other chemicals, and water, being the only by-product was investigated by using continuous flow Vortex Reactor (VR) and Semi-Batch Reactor (SBR). The effect of hydrodynamics by changing the Reynolds number of the jets providing residence times of 8.4 ms to 4.37 s for VR, and by changing the stirrer speed between 100 rpm (Re = 2656) and 1000 rpm (Re = 26560) for SBR, on the particle size, particle size distribution, and morphology of the particles was investigated for both systems. It has been shown that it is possible to produce pure phase hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the desired morphology by changing production system, without resorting to additives. While VR produced rod-like particles with the crystallite size around 4 nm, SBR produced spherical particles with the crystallite size of around 5 nm.     

基于子波变换的涡街流量传感器信号分析

长期以来 ,如何提取潜在噪声下的涡街流量信号一直是个问题。流体流速脉动 ,局部阻力 ,随机振动———所有这些因素都给解决这一问题带来难度。文章应用子波变换消噪理论 ,从软件滤波的角度分析了强噪声干扰下的涡街流量信号 ,并提出了单支重构计数方法。分析结果表明 ,这种方法对低流速流量计量效果很好 ,能够有效地扩展量程下限     

Pulsating Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement

This article presents results from a numerical study of pulsating jet impingement heat transfer. The motivation is to seek conditions offering a significant enhancement compared to steady flow impingement drying. The CFD software package FLUENT was used for simulating slot-type pulsating jet impingement flows with confinement. The parameter study included velocity amplitude ratio, mean jet velocity, and pulsation frequency. The distance from nozzle exit to surface was three times the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle hydraulic diameter and jet temperature was 2,460 with a mean jet velocity of 30 m/s, which is the base case of the numerical experiments. Results showed that time-averaged surface heat transfer increased with increasing velocity amplitude for the same mean jet velocity. Large velocity amplitudes helped enhance heat transfer by two mechanisms: high jet velocity during the positive cycle and strong recirculating flows during the negative cycle. For the cases with different mean jet velocities but the same maximum velocity, time-averaged surface heat flux decreased with decreasing mean jet velocity. As for the effects of pulsation frequency, with high-velocity amplitude ratio, time-averaged surface heat fluxes were at the same level regardless of frequency. However, at low-velocity amplitude ratio, high frequency caused stronger recirculating flows resulting in greater heat transfer compared to the cases with a lower frequency.     

On the modeling of electro-hydrodynamic flow in a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator

Modeling of the flow velocity fields for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow in a wire-to-plate type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was achieved. Solutions of the steady, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been computed. The equations were solved in the conservative finite-difference form on a fine uniform rectilinear grid of sufficient resolution to accurately capture the momentum boundary layers. The numerical procedure for differential equations was used by SIMPLEST [Michel, 2002], a derivative of Patankar’s SIMPLE algorithm, to bring rapid convergence. The Phoenics (Version 3.5.1) CFD code, coupled with Poisson’s and ion transport equations and electric body force in the momentum equation, developed in this study, was used for the numerical simulation. From calculations for the flow employing different flow models, the Chen-Kimk-ε turbulent model appeared to be the most appropriate choice to obtain a quantitative image of the resulting mean flow field and downstream wake flow of the rear wire, although this was obtained from a qualitative analysis due to the lack of experimental verification. The flow velocity field pattern showed a strong EHD secondary flow, which was clearly visible in the downstream regions of the corona wire despite the low Reynolds number for the electrode (Re_CW=12.4). Secondary flow vortices were also caused by the EHD with increases in the discharge current     

矩形纵向涡发生器平板强化换热的实验研究

利用热质比拟萘升华技术,在吸入式风洞中对矩形纵向涡发生器平板强化换热进行了实验研究。在雷诺数范围2.3×105~5.4×105内,通过改变涡发生器迎流冲击角β,得到强化换热的效果,并对参数进行优化。     

A visual study on flame behavior in tone-excited non-premixed jet flames

A visualization study on the effect of forcing amplitude in tone-excited jet diffusion flames has been conducted. Visualization techniques are employed using optical schemes, which are a light scattering photography. Flame stability curve is attained according to Reynolds number and forcing amplitude at a fuel tube resonant frequency. Flame behavior is globally grouped into two from attached flame to blown-out flame according to forcing amplitude; one sticks the tradition flame behavior which has been observed in general jet diffusion flames and the other shows a variety of flame modes such as the flame of a feeble forcing amplitude where traditionally well-organized vortex motion evolves, a fat flame, an elongated flame, and an in-burning flame. Particular attention is focused on an elongation flame, which is associated with a turnabout phenomenon of vortex motion, and on a reversal of the direction of vortex roll-up. It is found that the flame length with forcing amplitude is the direct outcome of the evolution process of the formed inner flow structure. Especially the negative part of the acoustic cycle under the influence of a strong positive pressure gradient causes the shapes of the fuel stem and fuel branch part and even the direction of vortex roll-up to dramatically change.     

The onset of Taylor-Görtler vortices in impulsively decelerating swirl flow

The onset of hydrodynamical instability induced by impulsive spin-down to rest in a cylinder containing a Newtonian fluid is analyzed by using propagation theory. It is well-known that the primary transient swirl flow is laminar, but with initial high velocities secondary motion sets in at a certain time. The dimensionless critical time Τ_c to mark the onset of instability is presented here as a function of the Reynolds number Re. Available experimental data indicate that for large Re deviation of the velocity profiles from their momentum diffusion occurs starting from a certain time Τ≈4Τ_c. This means that secondary motion is detected at this characteristic time. It seems evident that during Τ_c⪯Τ⪯4Τ_c, secondary motion is relatively very weak and the primary diffusive momentum transfer is dominant.     

基于涡流原理的新型挖藕喷头的流场研究

提出了一种新型的挖藕机喷头—旋流挖藕喷头.喷头的主要作用在于有效地弥补了传统挖藕机喷头在使用过程中的射流压力不足、不能达到理想冲击效果的问题.针对当前存在于挖藕机喷头上的射流压力损失严重的长期存在的难点技术,提出了旋流射流的方法,实现了减小挖藕机喷头射流流场中水环境围压对射流压力的衰减的作用,并对旋流射流进行原理上的分析,运用Fluent仿真软件对旋流射流流场进行仿真,通过控制变量的方法分析对比不同喷头结构参数得到的仿真结果,得出最佳压力分布效果.最后,得到最佳压力分布效果的挖藕喷头结构参数给出最优设计效果.     

圆柱绕流气动噪声数值分析

为了快速预测刚性圆柱绕流的气动噪声,研究了一种将离散涡方法(DVM)和涡声理论结合起来计算低马赫数、高雷诺数流场气动噪声的方法。首先用Oseen粘性涡模型改进了离散涡方法并模拟了圆柱绕流,分析结果与实际情况相符。根据流场计算的结果,应用涡声理论进一步计算了远场的声压。测点的总声压级与实验值及其他数值计算结果都比较吻合。最后绘制了声场的指向性特性曲线,表明圆柱绕流声场明显的偶极子特性。     

Vortex analysis and flow field optimization for the particle classifier with three rotary cages

The particle classifiers with three rotary cages have significant advantage in powder handling capacity. The flow field inside the classifiers were investigated from the perspective of vortex using Q criterion. Formation process and distribution of the vortices were intuitively exhibited. Structure of the guide cone was further optimized, and the classifying performance of the classifiers was evaluated. The results show that complex vortex structures were formed inside the classifier. The large-scale columnar vortex under the guide cone oscillates irregularly. This unwanted vortex is eliminated by extending the guide cone. The structure of the guide cone has little effect on the cut size, but the optimized guide cone with the long cylinder and cone significantly enhances the separation degree of the fine and coarse particles. The classifier obtains finer silica powder with a median size of 2.5 μm and higher Newton efficiency about 71.5%.