Best economical hybrid energy solution: Model development and case study of a WDS in Portugal

This work aims at the development of an integrated model for analysis and optimization of operating strategies of Water Distribution Systems (WDS), taking into consideration economical-hydraulic-power performances. For this purpose, a software tool has been developed based on the following procedures: (i) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to determine the best economical hybrid energy system; (ii) for the ANN training process an energy Configuration type and Economical base Simulator model (CES) is used; (iii) as well a Hydraulic and Power Simulator model (HPS) to describe the hydraulic system behaviour; (iv) a performance assessment tool based on an optimization module to minimize pumping costs and maximize the hydraulic reliability and energy efficiency is then implemented. The Artificial Neural Network uses scenarios with only grid supply, grid combined with hydro-turbine, or with wind turbine and a mutual solution, with hydro and wind turbine. The results obtained show how the model is useful for decision support solutions in the planning of sustainable hybrid energy solutions that can be applied to water distribution systems or others existent hydro-systems, allowing the improvement of the global energy efficiency. A real case study of a small WDS in Portugal is analyzed.     

一种新型无线智能视频监控系统的设计

通过对视频监控行业的主流技术进行研究,针对现今视频监控领域的复杂需求,提出了一种基于WDS(Wireless Distribution System)网络的无线智能视频监控解决方案。其中,视频监控客户端通过MJPG-Streamer完成视频信号的采集和处理,WDS网络为视频数据流传送提供高带宽的通信支持,后端基于背景差分算法的程序完成对监控区域的入侵识别。测试结果表明,系统整体运行稳定,入侵识别效率较高,具有一定的应用价值。     

Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging: nanostructure and chemical analysis for the LV-SEM

ABSTRACT

Materials engineers have increasing control over nanoscale chemical composition and nanostructures. The latter can be easily analysed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) yet nanoscale chemical analysis in the SEM poses challenges. Nevertheless, nanoscale chemical analysis capabilities have been developed in the LV-SEM by secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI). In this article, the insights that SEHI has provided into well characterised semiconductor, photovoltaic, polymer and hard carbon materials are reviewed. Instrument and experimental considerations for the obtainment of secondary electron hyper-spectra are discussed and recommendations for future analyses in the LV-SEM by SEHI are made.     

WDS设备加工涤纶POY工艺探讨

介绍意大利NOY公司制造的WDS生产线设备特点,着重指出了该设备的整经、牵伸、上浆、卷绕系统与常WD设备的差异性,并结合实例对WDS加工涤纶POY工艺作了探讨。     

High-resolution,energy-dispersive microcalorimeter spectrometer for X-ray microanalysis

We have developed a prototype X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer with high energy resolution for use in X-ray microanalysis. The microcalorimeter spectrometer system consists of a superconducting transition-edge sensor X-ray microcalorimeter cooled to an operating temperature near 100 mK by a compact adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, a superconducting quantum interference device current amplifier followed by pulse-shaping amplifiers and pileup rejection circuitry, and a multichannel analyser with computer interface for the real-time acquisition of X-ray spectra. With the spectrometer mounted on a scanning electron microscope, we have achieved an instrument response energy resolution of better than 10 eV full width at half-maximum (FWHM) over a broad energy range at real-time output count rates up to 150 s^?1. Careful analysis of digitized X-ray pulses yields an instrument-response energy resolution of 7.2 ± 0.4 eV FWHM at 5.89 keV for Mn Kα_1,2 X-rays from a radioactive ⁵⁵Fe source, the best reported energy resolution for any energy-dispersive detector.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS AND ANALYSIS OF SULFUR VAPORIZATION FROM AN IRON SULFIDE ORE

The total extraction of sulfur by vaporization from iron sulfide ores leads to a residue that is constituted in great part of iron. The aim of this article is to follow up the secondary metals composition in the residue during the sulfur extraction. When the pyrrhotite is treated alone, copper is completely evaporated after Cu₂S decomposition. While in the presence of carbon, iron is present as the core form in the iron sulfide. In this case, the kinetic of vaporization is fast and no secondary metals trace is detected in the iron core.     

在网络中使用Windows部署服务安装操作系统

该文通过对Windows 2008中WDS的特性、安装以及使用等的研究,对WDS在网络中的应用进行了论述。     

Determination of the composition of Co–Pt thin films with quantitative electron-probe microanalysis

Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) with energy-dispersive (EDS) and wavelength-dispersive (WDS) X-ray spectroscopy was performed to determine the chemical composition of Co–Pt ferromagnetic thin films. The conventional “bulk” EPMA approach was applied and tested in detail by using several analytical set-ups with different combinations of Co and Pt spectral lines, beam energies and quantitative matrix-correction programs. The analyses with dedicated, thin-film EPMA programs were also made for comparison. The results were critically examined in order to assess their reliability and accuracy. The commonly used EDS analyses showed significant scatter between the set-ups and generally suffered from a poor analytical sensitivity. In contrast, the quantitative WDS analyses were fully consistent and practically independent of the analytical set-up. With the optimized WDS a high analytical precision, an improved sensitivity and an ultimate quantitative accuracy of better than 1% relative were achieved. The results confirmed that by using WDS microanalysis at low beam energies and by measuring the low-energy Co–Lα and Pt–Mα X-rays we were able to obtain the most accurate and reliable, quantitative, compositional analyses of Co–Pt thin films with thicknesses down to ≈ 100 nm.     

高增益天线和大功率电台在新疆陆梁油田自动化采油系统中的应用

本文以陆梁油田作业区油田生产自动化系统设计、建设为背景,介绍了一个基于国内最大的沙漠自动化整装油田在建设中遇到的一些问题,较好的解决了油井在沙漠地区地形复杂高低不等的情况下,无线通讯数据传输中如何最大限度的节约投资提高通讯效率的问题。该系统已成功应用于陆梁油田作业区,并取得了非常好的效果。     

用扫描电镜／波谱仪测量发光器件

设计了一套测试装置，扩展了扫描电镜／波谱仪的功能，既能作试样的形貌和成份分析，又能对发光器件进行发光颜色和发光强度的测量。