Biotransformation of l‐menthol by twelve isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani) and classification of fungi

The microbial transformation of l‐menthol ( 1 ) was investigated by using 12 isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani (AG‐1‐IA Rs24, Joichi‐2, RRG97‐1; AG‐1‐IB TR22, R147, 110.4; AG‐1‐IC F‐1, F‐4, P‐1; AG‐1‐ID RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7) as a biocatalyst. Rhizoctonia solani F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1 showed 89.7–99.9% yields of converted product from 1 , RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7 26.0–26.9% and the other isolates 0.1–12.0%. In the cases of F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1, substrate 1 was converted to (?)‐(1S,3R,4S,6S)‐6‐hydroxymenthol ( 2 ), (?)‐(1S,3R,4S)‐1‐hydroxymenthol ( 3 ) and (+)‐(1S,3R,4R,6S)‐6,8‐dihydroxymenthol ( 4 ), which was a new compound. Substrate 1 was converted to 2 and/or 3 by RRG97‐1, 110.4, RCP‐1, RCP‐3 and RCP‐7. The structures of the metabolic products were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. In addition, metabolic pathways of the biotransformation of 1 by Rhizoctonia solani are discussed. Finally, from the main component analysis and the differences in the yields of converted product from 1 , the 12 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were divided into three groups based on an analysis of the metabolites. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Testing the robustness of CIECAM02

CIE TC8‐01 has adopted a new color appearance model: CIECAM02¹ replaces the CIECAM97s.² The new model consists of a number of refinements and simplifications of the CIECAM97s color appearance model. This article describes further tests to the robustness of the forward and reverse modes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 99–106, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20087     

基于角色的访问控制模型分析及实现研究

介绍了传统的访问控制机制；分析了基于角色的访问控制RBAC96模型、ARBAC97模型及其扩展模型NRBAC；在应用方面，重点研究了sever—pull结构中的RBAC，并使用sever—pull结构来实现RBAc。     

WPS2000与WORD的比较

WPS 2 0 0 0和OFFICE中的WORD 2 0 0 0是当前最流行的两种字处理软件 ,它们在功能上有很多共同点 ,同时也存在着一些不同之处 ;本文讨论了WPS 2 0 0 0和WORD2 0 0 0在功能上的部分差异 ,同时为了倡导国产软件 ,本文重点对WPS 2 0 0 0所独有的一些功能做了说明     

基于角色的访问控制模型的分析与应用

本文介绍了三种访问控制机制:自主访问控制(DAC)、强制访问控制(MAC)和基于角色的访问控制(RBAC),并着重分析了RBAC的三种模型:RBAC96、EHRABC和ARBAC97.最后,介绍了RBAC技术的应用,并给出了一个RBAC的实现模型.     

Mitigating expropriation risk through vertical separation of public utilities: The case of Argentina

In 2002, Argentina devalued its currency and froze public utility rates thus breaching the guarantees granted to investors the decade before. Those guarantees had lowered investors' cost of capital by substantially reducing expropriation risk. This paper looks into the governance structure chosen by Argentina for the privatization process and potential alternatives after a decade of contract breaches. Future governance should be market-oriented, involving vertically separated companies with former public utilities voluntarily acting as operating companies or OpCos, and NetCos in charge of all network expansions under the structure of PPPs created for such purposes.     

Energy-efficient WiFi scanning for localization

WiFi radio signals are commonly used for the localization of mobile devices. However, frequent scanning of WiFi reduces user experiences because it consumes significant energy on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient WiFi scan system for localization. The proposed system preserves the quality of service of each application and minimizes the energy consumption of WiFi scanning. The main idea is that the system adaptively controls the dwell time of beacon-listening in given locations. We predict the number of scanned access points (APs) according to locations and optimize the dwell time of beacon-listening to obtain the minimum number of scanned APs. The evaluation shows that the proposed system saves the energy consumption of WiFi scans by 33.6% and 45.7%, according to the number of scanned APs, while not decreasing the accuracy of localization in indoor and outdoor scenarios.     

相变温度附近等温热处理对Mg97Zn1Y2合金组织演化的影响

研究了相变温度附近等温热处理温度和保温时间对含长周期结构Mg97Zn1Y2合金的组织的影响，并对演变机理进行了探讨。主要研究结论如下：500℃固溶处理时，随着时间的增加，长周期结构有增长的趋势。采用等温热处理可以将Mg97Zn1Y2合金中的枝晶组织转变为球状晶，当合金保温温度范围从540℃~600℃时，组织尺寸由大-小-大的顺序变化，即经过了粗化、分离及球化至最后粗化三个过程。在等温热处理温度为575℃的组织大致演变趋势为：枝晶态-不规则球形+块状-球形状，当保温时间15min，其组织为均匀、圆整的球状晶。     

An investigation of colour appearance for unrelated colours under photopic and mesopic vision

Data were obtained for the colour appearance of unrelated colours under photopic and mesopic conditions. The effects of changes in luminance level and stimulus size were investigated. The method used was magnitude scaling of brightness, colourfulness, and hue. Two stimulus sizes (10° and 0.5°) and four starting luminance levels (60, 5, 1, and 0.1, cd/m²) were used. The results at 0.1 cd/m² had large variations, so data were obtained for two additional stimulus sizes (1° and 2°) at this luminance level. Ten observers judged 50 unrelated colours. A total of 17,820 estimations were made. The observations were carried out in a completely darkened room, after 20 min adaptation; each test colour was presented on its own. Brightness and colourfulness were found to decrease with decreases of both luminance level and stimulus size. The CAM97u model predicted brightness more accurately than CIECAM02 but gave worse performance in predicting colorfulness. For hue, CAM97u and CIECAM02 both gave satisfactory predictions. Using the brightness correlate from CAM97u, a new colour‐appearance model based on CIECAM02 was developed specifically for unrelated colours under photopic and mesopic conditions, with parameters to allow for the effects of luminance level and stimulus size. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011;     

Seismic design of special moment‐resisting steel frame with prevention of soft‐storey mechanism failure

Most structures with masonry infills that are continuous along their height, which are interrupted in the lowest storey, are damaged by earthquakes. These structures are anticipated to collapse due to the undesirable soft‐storey mechanism formed by lateral stiffness of masonry infills in other storeys. The seismic design criteria of UBC97 code for special moment‐resisting steel frame (SMRSF) are reviewed. In this paper, a new criterion for seismic design of such structures is presented. The proposed criteria are used to design three SMRSFs: 5, 8 and 15 storeys. Nonlinear time‐history dynamic analyses are applied for the designed SMRSFs based on the proposed criteria. Displacements and storey drifts, which are obtained by the proposed method, are compared with nonlinear time‐history dynamic analysis results, finally. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.