新旧信息和重音的匹配关系对话语理解的影响

考察新旧信息和重音之间的匹配关系对口语理解的影响,实验采用2(信息状态:新信息与旧信息)×2(重读方式:重读与不重读)被试内设计。被试为23名大学生,在听觉信息的指导下,完成视觉图形的操作。实验结果发现,新信息重读、旧信息不重读时,理解的反应时间较快。新旧信息和重读之间的匹配关系有助于听者口语理解。     

一种时域的基音检测及四声判别方法

为了提高基音时间曲线(基频或基音周期随时间变化曲线)的检测正确率以判别四声,本文提出了一种简单有效的基音检测及四声判别方法。利用浊音语音波形的周期性特点,我们可检测基音;由基音时间曲线的斜率变化,可判别四声。总的识别率可达85%以上。     

具有焦点标记作用的“是”字句重音分布研究

本研究以汉语中标记焦点的结构“[是[…XP…]]”为研究对象,通过声学和感知实验,系统地考察了这一句式所标记的焦点成分的重音位置及其声学表现。实验结果显示,该句式所标记的焦点位置,以韵律词为单位,音高的音域被整体拉大,后面的成分的音阶被陆续压低,被标记的焦点成分后面通常存在中间短语边界,而在第二个焦点标记前面,通常有语调短语边界。以实验结果为基础,本研究进一步讨论了语法学界争论较多的,关于焦点和重音关系的问题,研究指出,汉语中有标记的焦点位置通常有重音分布,有重音的位置一般伴有语调(音高音域)的变化,但重音和语调的变化不是确定焦点位置的依据。     

An Automatic System for Detecting Prosodic Prominence in American English Continuous Speech

A precise identification of prosodic phenomena and the construction of tools able to properly manage such phenomena are essential steps to disambiguate the meaning of certain utterances. In particular they are useful for a wide variety of tasks: automatic recognition of spontaneous speech, automatic enhancement of speech-generation systems, solving ambiguities in natural language interpretation, the construction of large annotated language resources, such as prosodically tagged speech corpora, and teaching languages to foreign students using Computer Aided Language Learning (CALL) systems. This paper presents a study on the automatic detection of prosodic prominence in continuous speech, with particular reference to American English, but with good prospects of application to other languages. Prosodic prominence involves two different prosodic features: pitch accent and stress accent. Pitch accent is acoustically connected with fundamental frequency (F0) movements and overall syllable energy, whereas stress exhibits a strong correlation with syllable nuclei duration and mid-to-high-frequency emphasis. This paper shows that a careful measurement of these acoustic parameters, as well as the identification of their connection to prosodic parameters, makes it possible to build an automatic system capable of identifying prominent syllables in utterances with performance comparable with the inter-human agreement reported in the literature. Two different prominence detectors were studied and developed: the first uses a training corpus to set up thresholds properly, while the second uses a pure unsupervised method. In both cases, it is worth stressing that only acoustic parameters derived directly from speech waveforms are exploited.     

Facilitation of creative performance by using blue and red accent lighting in work and learning areas

Research has shown that colours influence motivation and cognitive performance. In achievement contexts, red evokes avoidance motivation that hinders creativity, while blue elicits an approach motivation that facilitates creativity. However, due to their position and mode of presentation, colours may convey a different message. Red accent lighting creates a cosy, friendly room atmosphere that may, even in an achievement context, elicit an approach rather than an avoidance motivation. Results (N = 146) showed that both blue and red accent light increased strategic approach motivation compared to white accent light. Moreover, through the heightened approach motivation, colourful accent light indirectly improved creative performance. Implications for future research on colour and practical implications for colour usage are discussed.

Practitioner Summary: Designing work environments for creativity is a new topic in ergonomics research and practice. The present study demonstrates indirect effects of coloured accent light on creativity providing interesting possibilities for the design of workplaces for knowledge workers, classrooms and all other rooms in which people work on new ideas.     

图形设计中的“显著点”

从提高图形信息传达有效性的目的出发,以图形设计中的显著点为基点,分析了显著点3个层次的特征:结合实例论述了以信息传达为基础的视觉形式应具有鲜明的个性;为了满足信息传达内容的需要应有准确含义的表达;以信息接受为纽带的情感因素必须能够引起强烈的共鸣。在此基础上,提出了通过中断原理和设计概念形象来创造显著点的2种途径和方式。     

云南民族口音汉语普通话语音识别研究

该文根据云南境内少数民族同胞说普通话时明显带有民族口音的语言使用现状,介绍了一个以研究非母语说话人汉语连续语音识别为目的的云南少数民族口音汉语普通话语音数据库,并在其基础上开展了发音变异规律、说话人自适应和非母语说话人口音识别研究,是汉语语音识别中用户多样性研究的重要补充。     

一种用于方言口音语音识别的字典自适应技术

基于标准普通话的语音识别系统在识别带有方言口音的普通话时,识别率会下降很多。针对这一问题,论文介绍了一种“字典自适应技术”。文中首先提出了一种自动标注算法,然后以此为基础,通过分析语音数据,统计出带有方言口音普通话的发音规律,然后把这个规律编码到标准普通话字典里,构造出体现这种方言发音特征的新字典,最后把新字典整合于搜索框架,用于识别带有该方言口音的普通话,使识别率得到显著提高。     

维吾尔语的重音检测

根据维吾尔语词重音的位置规律进行音节级标注,提取不同的特征参数（能量、基频等）,对各个特征参数作单流、分流及特征级融合识别实验,对比分析各特征参数对重音检测识别率的影响。对融合后的高维单流特征采用主成分分析作降维、去冗余处理,并作识别实验。参照识别精确率结合语音语言学知识对实验结果进行分析。     

A simple approach for robust economic design of control charts

Robust economic control chart designs incorporating robustness with regard to the uncertainty in the cost and process parameters, reported in the literature, fall into two broad categories. One category of robust economic designs considers the uncertainty in the estimates of the cost and process parameters and makes the design suitable to operate well in any scenario arising out of the uncertainty. Other category of robust economic design considers different possible discrete scenarios for a single process and makes the control chart robust to all possible scenarios. The approach suggested for the robust designs for each category is different and somewhat complicated. The present paper proposes a design approach by introducing a simple statistic for the robust economic design problem of a ‘process with multiple scenarios’. SGA has been used in the optimization. The suggested statistic handles the information regarding the relative frequency of occurrence of each scenario of the process for the robust designs.