OWL‐based acquisition and editing of computer‐interpretable guidelines with the CompGuide editor

Computer‐Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) are the dominant medium for the delivery of clinical decision support, given the evidence‐based nature of their source material. Therefore, these machine‐readable versions have the ability to improve practitioner performance and conformance to standards, with availability at the point and time of care. The formalisation of Clinical Practice Guideline knowledge in a machine‐readable format is a crucial task to make it suitable for the integration in Clinical Decision Support Systems. However, the current tools for this purpose reveal shortcomings with respect to their ease of use and the support offered during CIG acquisition and editing. In this work, we characterise the current landscape of CIG acquisition tools based on the properties of guideline visualisation, organisation, simplicity, automation, manipulation of knowledge elements, and guideline storage and dissemination. Additionally, we describe the CompGuide Editor, a tool for the acquisition of CIGs in the CompGuide model for Clinical Practice Guidelines that also allows the editing of previously encoded guidelines. The Editor guides the users throughout the process of guideline encoding and does not require proficiency in any programming language. The features of the CIG encoding process are revealed through a comparison with already established tools for CIG acquisition.     

Automating application software generation

Many approaches have been proposed to enhance software productivity and reliability. These approaches typically fall into three categories: the engineering approach, the formal approach and the knowledge-based approach. But the optimal gain in software productivity cannot be obtained if one relies on only one of these approaches. This paper describes the work in knowledge-based software engineering conducted by the authors for the past 10 years. The final goal of the research is to develop a paradigm for software engineering which integrates the three approaches mentioned above. A knowledge-based tool which can support the whole process of software development is provided in this paper.     

On the ontological expressiveness of information systems analysis and design grammars

Abstract. Information systems analysis and design (ISAD) methodologies provide facilities for describing existing or conceived real-world systems. These facilities are ontologically expressive if they are capable of describing all real-world phenomena completely and clearly. In this paper we formally examine the notion of the ontological expressiveness of a grammar and discuss some of its implications for the design and use of ISAD methodologies. We identify some generic ways in which ontological expressiveness may be undermined in a grammar and some potential consequences of these violations. We also examine ontological expressiveness within the context of some other desirable features that might be considered in the design of ISAD methodologies.     

On the Subjective Quality of Social Justice: The Role of Affect as Information in the Psychology of Justice Judgments.

This article argues that it is not uncommon for people forming justice judgments to lack information that is most relevant in the particular situation. In information-uncertain conditions, people may therefore construct justice judgments by relying on how they feel about the events they have encountered, and justice judgments may hence be strongly influenced by affect information. Findings show that in information-uncertain conditions, the affective states that people had been in prior and unrelated to the justice event indeed strongly influenced their justice judgments. These findings thus reveal that in situations of information uncertainty, people's judgments of justice can be very subjective, susceptible to affective states that have no logical relationship with the justice judgments they are constructing. Implications for the social psychology of justice and the literature on social cognition and affect are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

面向OWL的联合作战管理语言本体开发方法

作战管理语言是一种能够无歧义指挥命令部队和装备进行军事行动和提供态势感知、共享作战行动的语言,其公开标准为联合作战管理语言。联合作战管理语言产品开发组制定了三个阶段开发语言标准,包括数据模型、形式化结构（语法）和形式化语义（本体）,目前的研究主要集中在前两个阶段,对实现概念交互的第三阶段的相关研究还比较欠缺。在总结相关对作战管理语言本体研究的基础上,提出了针对联合作战管理语言本体面向联合作战的一种应用框架。通过对炮兵打击任务分配的实际应用,验证了该方法的合理性和有效性,同时显示了本体在军事领域具有相当严格可靠的模型描述能力。     

Personalized course generation and evolution based on genetic algorithms

Online learners are individuals,and their learning abilities,knowledge,and learning performance differ substantially and are ever changing.These individual characteristics pose considerable challenges to online learning courses.In this paper,we propose an online course generation and evolution approach based on genetic algorithms to provide personalized learning.The courses generated consider not only the difficulty level of a concept and the time spent by an individual learner on the concept,but also the changing learning performance of the individual learner during the learning process.We present a layered topological sort algorithm,which converges towards an optimal solution while considering multiple objectives.Our general approach makes use of the stochastic convergence of genetic algorithms.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the free browsing learning mode typically enabled by online learning environments because of the precise selection of learning content relevant to the individual learner,which results in good learning performance.     

基于本体的主动元数据挖掘系统研究

传统网上信息检索是用户被动地依靠浏览超级链接网页而获取的。文中提出基于本体的主动元数据挖掘系统以及在果品领域的应用,在主动搜索、元数据生成、借助本体作用于数据的语义描述等方面,其效果是客观的。使得对信息数据的搜索从被动地获取到主动依靠计算机自动搜索;从依靠关键字作为查询依据到借助本体的作用获取语义描述的信息数据,进而提高了信息查询效率及查询的准确率,这也是当前信息检索研究的热门课题。实验证明,通过主动元数据挖掘实例可以实现语义的扩充,如同义、近义及上下位关系。同时也验证了本体对实施语义智能检索所带来的客观效果。