基于合体立领的男性颈部形态指标分析

文章基于人体测量学和服装结构原理,运用马丁人体测量仪对50名男性大学生(年龄20-25周岁,170 cm高)进行了接触式人体测量,获得以下四组静态数据:颈根围、颈围、肩颈夹角和肩斜角,以及九组动态数据:在颈部前屈45°、后仰45°、侧倾45°时的颈前高、颈侧高、颈后高。运用SPSS软件对以上数据进行分析得出了颈根围与颈围得回归方程,动态下的适合领高,以及领高、运动幅度、领斜角的函数关系,以期以上分析为合体立领以及基于颈部的其它款式的领型结构设计提供科学依据。     

Modal analysis of human body vibration model for Indian subjects under sitting posture

Need and importance of modelling in human body vibration research studies are well established. The study of biodynamic responses of human beings can be classified into experimental and analytical methods. In the past few decades, plenty of mathematical models have been developed based on the diverse field measurements to describe the biodynamic responses of human beings. In this paper, a complete study on lumped parameter model derived from 50th percentile anthropometric data for a seated 54- kg Indian male subject without backrest support under free un-damped conditions has been carried out considering human body segments to be of ellipsoidal shape. Conventional lumped parameter modelling considers the human body as several rigid masses interconnected by springs and dampers. In this study, concept of mass of interconnecting springs has been incorporated and eigenvalues thus obtained are found to be closer to the values reported in the literature. Results obtained clearly establish decoupling of vertical and fore-and-aft oscillations.     

中孟在校青年男子体型对比分析

为分析中孟在校青年男子体型区别,对孟加拉和中国在校青年男子的整体和局部体型进行对比和分类分析。运用手工测量及三维测量法获取中国与孟加拉各200名在校青年男子的相关体型参数,对比分析孟加拉与中国在校青年男子的整体和局部体型。在整体体型方面,分析了两国在校青年男子于国家标准及形态整体特征上的异同点;在局部体型方面,针对肩部、胸部和腰臀部3个人体主要特征部位进行分类,分别将各个部位的体型聚类成3类进行对比分析。研究表明:中孟在校青年男子体型差异较大,中国在校青年男子整体瘦长、整体曲线明显、肩部较宽、胸部线条弧度较大、臀部挺翘;孟加拉在校青年男子大部分属于均匀凸腹体型,整体轮廓线条平缓、肩部较窄、胸围较大且平坦、腰臀围较大、臀部较扁平且腹部凸出。该研究结果可为中孟在校青年男子版型制作提供体型依据。     

Development of sizing structure for fall arrest harness design

Updated harness designs are needed to accommodate diverse populations in the current workforce. This paper determined an improved fall-arrest harness sizing scheme and strap-length configurations for harness design. A 3-D elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) procedure with 123 coefficients was developed to quantify torso-shape effect on harness fit, based on 3-D data of 108 women and 108 men. The EFA coefficients were then applied to 600 representative body scans from a national database of 2382 participants to establish an improved sizing system. Study outcomes suggested a more upward back D-ring location for women than current unisex designs to accommodate female torso form and mitigate their fit problem. Results also suggested an improved system of three sizes for women and three sizes for men. New harness sizing charts for women and men were proposed accordingly. Using the most current 3-D whole-body digital scanning technology, this study assembled data from a US workforce to establish an improved fall-arrest harness sizing system and strap configurations for men and women. The information is useful for new generation harness designs to reduce the risk of worker injury.     

Determination of the precision and accuracy of morphological measurements using the Kinect™ sensor: comparison with standard stereophotogrammetry

The recent availability of the Kinect? sensor, a low-cost Markerless Motion Capture (MMC) system, could give new and interesting insights into ergonomics (e.g. the creation of a morphological database). Extensive validation of this system is still missing. The aim of the study was to determine if the Kinect? sensor can be used as an easy, cheap and fast tool to conduct morphology estimation. A total of 48 subjects were analysed using MMC. Results were compared with measurements obtained from a high-resolution stereophotogrammetric system, a marker-based system (MBS). Differences between MMC and MBS were found; however, these differences were systematically correlated and enabled regression equations to be obtained to correct MMC results. After correction, final results were in agreement with MBS data (p = 0.99). Results show that measurements were reproducible and precise after applying regression equations. Kinect? sensors-based systems therefore seem to be suitable for use as fast and reliable tools to estimate morphology.

Practitioner Summary: The Kinect? sensor could eventually be used for fast morphology estimation as a body scanner. This paper presents an extensive validation of this device for anthropometric measurements in comparison to manual measurements and stereophotogrammetric devices. The accuracy is dependent on the segment studied but the reproducibility is excellent.     

服装合体性评价的研究方法与应用进展

针对近年来基于服装自身的物理合体性研究进行综述分析,详细阐述服装合体性评价研究所采用的主流技术和方法,包括三维人体测量方法、模糊数学方法、统计方法、小波分析方法,并分析各评价方法的优缺点。介绍服装合体性评价的应用实例,重点讨论在线服装购物、服装号型系统改进的应用情况,最后对服装合体性评价研究的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

The role of anthropometry in designing for sustainability

An understanding of human factors and ergonomics facilitates the design of artefacts, tasks and environments that fulfil their users’ physical and cognitive requirements. Research in these fields furthers the goal of efficiently accommodating the desired percentage of user populations through enhanced awareness and modelling of human variability. Design for sustainability (DfS) allows for these concepts to be leveraged in the broader context of designing to minimise negative impacts on the environment. This paper focuses on anthropometry and proposes three ways in which its consideration is relevant to DfS: reducing raw material consumption, increasing usage lifetimes and ethical human resource considerations. This is demonstrated through the application of anthropometry synthesis, virtual fitting, and sizing and adjustability allocation methods in the design of an industrial workstation seat for use in five distinct global populations. This work highlights the importance of and opportunities for using ergonomic design principles in DfS efforts.

Practitioner Summary: This research demonstrates the relevance of some anthropometry-based ergonomics concepts to the field of design for sustainability. A global design case study leverages human variability considerations in furthering three sustainable design goals: reducing raw material consumption, increasing usage lifetimes and incorporating ethical human resource considerations in design.     

Face modeling and editing with statistical local feature control models

This article presents a novel method based on statistical facial feature control models for generating realistic controllable face models. The local feature control models are constructed based on the exemplar 3D face scans. We use a three‐step model fitting approach for the 3D registration problem. Once we have a common surface representation for examples, we form feature shape spaces by applying a principal component analysis (PCA) to the data sets of facial feature shapes. We compute a set of anthropometric measurements to parameterize the exemplar shapes of each facial feature in a measurement space. Using PCA coefficients as a compact shape representation, we approach the shape synthesis problem by forming scattered data interpolation functions that are devoted to the generation of desired shape by taking the anthropometric parameters as input. The correspondence among all exemplar face textures is obtained by parameterizing a 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the exemplar textures. With the exception of an initial tuning of feature point positions and assignment of texture attribute values, our method is fully automated. In the resulting system, users are assisted in automatically generating or editing a face model by controlling the high‐level parameters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 341–358, 2007     

中国男性飞行员人体尺寸测量资料分析

通过对第三次中国男性飞行员人体尺寸测量资料的分析，全面了解这次大样本测量对象有关年龄、民族、出生地、飞行机种等资料的特点。分析结果显示：随年龄的增长有变胖的趋势；汉族占测量总人数的98．8％，少数民族只占1．2％；出生地分布在29个省、直辖市、自治区；测量数据按飞行机种分类，可分为歼击机和强击机、轰炸机和直升机、运输机三组。     

Hand anthropometry of Americans of Vietnamese origin

Twenty-four dimensions of the right hand were measured in 30 female and 41 male Americans of Vietnamese origin. The mean, standard deviation, range; and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile values of each measurement are tabulated. The means of the female measurements are also compared with the means of the corresponding measurements in females from Hong Kong, United Kingdom, United States, and Japan - using data from other published studies.