Calculation of second virial coefficients and gaseous viscosities of the refrigerants HFC-32 (CH2 F2), HFC-23 (CHF3), and HCFC-22 (CHC1F2)

The second virial coefficients of refrigerants HFC-32 (CH₂F₂), HFC-23 (CHF₃), and HCFC-22 (CHC1F₂) have been correlated on the bisis of site site model potential and have been compared with experimental results. The molecular interactions consisted of repulsion dispersion and electrostatic parts. From the site site potentials adjusted to the experimental second virial coefficients, spherically averaged potentials have been determined and a subsequent calculation of gaseous viscosity has been carried out. Agreement between measured and calculated values of second virial coellicients and gaseous viscosity is satisfactory. Calculated values of second virial coefficients and gaseous viscosity beyond available experimental data, therefore. can be assumed as a reliable extrapolation to lower and higher temperatures.     

Genetically optimized fuzzy polynomial neural networks with fuzzy set-based polynomial neurons

In this paper, we propose and investigate a new category of neurofuzzy networks—fuzzy polynomial neural networks (FPNN) endowed with fuzzy set-based polynomial neurons (FSPNs) We develop a comprehensive design methodology involving mechanisms of genetic optimization, and genetic algorithms (GAs) in particular. The conventional FPNNs developed so far are based on the mechanisms of self-organization, fuzzy neurocomputing, and evolutionary optimization. The design of the network exploits the FSPNs as well as the extended group method of data handling (GMDH). Let us stress that in the previous development strategies some essential parameters of the networks (such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial, the number of membership functions, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables) being available within the network are provided by the designer in advance and kept fixed throughout the overall development process. This restriction may hamper a possibility of developing an optimal architecture of the model. The design proposed in this study addresses this issue. The augmented and genetically developed FPNN (gFPNN) results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in the conventional FPNNs. The GA-based design procedure being applied at each layer of the FPNN leads to the selection of the most suitable nodes (or FSPNs) available within the FPNN. In the sequel, two general optimization mechanisms are explored. First, the structural optimization is realized via GAs whereas the ensuing detailed parametric optimization is carried out in the setting of a standard least square method-based learning. The performance of the gFPNN is quantified through experimentation in which we use a number of modeling benchmarks—synthetic and experimental data being commonly used in fuzzy or neurofuzzy modeling. The obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed networks over the models existing in the references.     

A critical review of the most popular types of neuro control

In this review article, the most popular types of neural network control systems are briefly introduced and their main features are reviewed. Neuro control systems are defined as control systems in which at least one artificial neural network (ANN) is directly involved in generating the control command. Initially, neural networks were mostly used to model system dynamics inversely to produce a control command which pushes the system towards a desired or reference value of the output (1989). At the next stage, neural networks were trained to track a reference model, and ANN model reference control appeared (1990). In that method, ANNs were used to extend the application of adaptive reference model control, which was a well‐known control technique. This attitude towards the extension of the application of well‐known control methods using ANNs was followed by the development of ANN model‐predictive (1991), ANN sliding mode (1994) and ANN feedback linearization (1995) techniques. As the first category of neuro controllers, inverse dynamics ANN controllers were frequently used to form a control system together with other controllers, but this attitude faded as other types of ANN control systems were developed. However, recently, this approach has been revived. In the last decade, control system designers started to use ANNs to compensate/cancel undesired or uncertain parts of systems' dynamics to facilitate the use of well‐known conventional control systems. The resultant control system usually includes two or three controllers. In this paper, applications of different ANN control systems are also addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

数据挖掘预测模型在脑损伤患者认知功能康复中的应用

为了更好地预测后天性脑损伤ABI(Acquired Brain Injury)患者认知功能康复的影响因素,提出基于决策树(DT)、多层感知器(MLP)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)的三种预测模型。借助于10折交叉验证测试算法,通过专一性、灵敏度和精度分析以及混淆矩阵分析对模型的性能进行测试,从而获得新的知识以评估和改善认知功能康复过程中的有效性。实验结果表明,基于DT的模型的模拟结果明显比其他模型更为优越,预测平均精度可高达90.38%。     

利用模糊感知器解决模糊可分样本的分类问题

针对一类用于解决分类问题的模糊感知器,提出完全随机输入的模糊δ-规则,并给出训练样本模糊可分的定义。实例表明,利用该算法可以有效地解决模糊可分样本的分类问题,在有限步迭代后就达到收敛,即有限步训练后网络能将所有样本正确分类。     

基于MLP和SPSO的机器人行为选择与运动控制方法

针对传统行为选择机制(ASM)不能很好地做出控制决策的问题,提出一种基于多层感知(MLP)前馈神经网络的ASM,并将其应用到移动机器人目标跟踪中。首先,根据具体应用场景预定义多个机器人行为。然后,根据机器人配备的图像和红外传感器获得的目标位置和障碍物信息,通过MLP神经网络从预定义行为中选择出所需执行的行为。另外,为了构造最优的MLP模型,采用一种简化粒子群算法(SPSO)来优化网络权值参数。机器人目标跟踪仿真的结果表明,提出的ASM能够准确选择出合适的行为,实现了控制机器人跟踪目标移动且能够避开各种障碍物。     

Location of steel reinforcement in concrete using ground penetrating radar and neural networks

Ground-penetrating radar is becoming increasingly popular for use as a non-destructive assessment method for investigating reinforced concrete structures. The amount of data collected however can be very large and take a significant level of subjective experience to interpret. This study focuses upon the use of a neural network approach to automate and facilitate the post-processing of ground penetrating radar results. The radar data is reduced to a simplified data set by using an edge detection routine. Signal reflections from reinforcing bars displaying a hyperbolic image format are detected using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network with a single hidden layer containing 8 nodes to recognise a simplified hyperbolic shape. Training and testing of the network was carried out making use of an emulsion analogue tank, simulating the properties of concrete, and using real concrete specimens. The results showed that the use of a MLP neural network approach could be quite effective in automating the identification and location of embedded steel reinforcing bars from a radar investigation. Accurate estimation of depth, or cover, requires a reliable knowledge of the dielectric properties of the concrete, and recent work using a specially-developed wideband horn antenna for direct determination of in situ properties is also outlined.     

跌坎型底流消能工的跌坎最小深度研究

跌坎型底流消能工消力池内的水力特性受到跌坎深度的影响。应用平面紊动射流理论,以消力池内允许的最大时均动水压强为控制目标,对于跌坎最小深度的确定方法进行了初步分析,建立了计算跌坎最小深度值的理论公式。通过水力学试验方法,得到消力池底板时均动水压强与跌坎最小深度之间的关系,同时与跌坎最小深度试验值进行了比对,对本文建立的理论公式进行了验证。     

Neural networks in process life cycle profit modelling

Changes in operational environment of the process industry such as decreasing selling prices, increased competition between companies and new legislation, set requirements for performance and effectiveness of the industrial production lines and processes. For the basis of this study, a life cycle profit (LCP) model of a pulp process was constructed using different kind of process information including chemical consumptions and production levels of material and energy flows in unit processes. However, all the information needed in the creation of relevant LCP model was not directly provided by information systems of the plant. In this study, neural networks was used to model pulp bleaching process and fill out missing information and furthermore to create estimators for the alkaline chemical consumption. A data-based modelling approach was applied using an example, where factors affecting the sodium hydroxide consumption in the bleaching stage were solved. The results showed that raw process data can be refined into new valuable information using computational methods and moreover to improve the accuracy of life cycle profit models.     

基于固定增量单样本感知器的AdaBoost算法

针对传统AdaBoost算法在分类过程中时间复杂度和算法学习复杂度较高的问题,提出一种改进的算法AdaBoostFISP。以固定增量单样本感知器为弱分类器,在感知器的权值更新上采用固定增量代替变量增量,从而减少运算时间、降低学习复杂度。实验结果证明了该算法在预测准确性、学习复杂度和时间复杂度等方面的优势。