Effects of the heterogeneity of game complexity and user population in learning performance of business simulation games

Previous studies on business simulation games (BSGs) have concluded that improved performance may not be the primary benefit of using BSGs, due to mixed results between student performance and perceptions. Two relevant and insightful issues attract our attention, namely, the impacts of the heterogeneous student population and the different complexity levels of BSG software. To address these issues, the present study aims to understand the relationship between student profile/characteristics and performance in the classroom with BSG-facilitated learning. An in-depth case study is conducted on a general college course designed to teach three different complexities of BSGs to students enrolled in different majors. Four student profile factors are individually tested for differences in performance scores as evaluated by the teacher. Additionally, the influences of 11 student characteristics are assessed with regard their self-reported perceived learning performances. Regression analysis and ANOVA are used to investigate the impacts of heterogeneous users and game complexity on student performance. Based on the regression analyses of the data collected from 43 respondents who participated in the general course, the study concludes that knowledge and skill may influence the heterogeneous student population; moreover, student participation and tacit learning preference improve performance, and students with an auditory learning preference or high learning motivation may not perform well in classroom BSG learning. However, the low value of adjusted R square implies that more dimensions or variables are needed to increase the explaining power of the performance scores in the regression analyses. In contrast, heterogeneous BSG software with different complexity levels present different results. The current research contributes practical and incremental knowledge on the complexity of heterogeneous BSG software on performance scores and the perceived learning performance of heterogeneous student populations. With the research limitations acknowledged, a series of suggestions for teachers pertaining to appropriate applications of BSGs in classes is offered as well as recommendations to BSG providers. Nevertheless, in-depth analyses are required, preferably with larger student population samples, to further explore the insignificant relationship between student perceptions and attitude under nonlinear extended complexity.     

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成都盐盆富钾卤水赋存于四川盆地中三叠统雷土坡组第四段（T2L^4)含盐系的碳酸盐岩储层中。富钾卤水K^ 、B^3 含量异常高，分别达56.27g/L和4994mg/L，超过海水钾矿沉积阶段含量，并超过综合利用和单独开采工业品位，为世界罕见的液态钾硼矿资源。     

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从马钢三轧厂能源消耗状况分析入手，阐述了数年来加热炉技术改造以及节能管理主要措施，说明了轧钢厂加热炉节能降耗的必经途径是技术改造与科学管理相结合。     

Sc对Al-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜，扫描电镜（SEM）和力学性能检测等方法，研究了微量Sc对Al-5%Mg合金显微组织，力学性能和断口形貌的影响，结果表明，添加0．17％Sc的合金铸态组织得到显著细化，枝晶组织在相当程度上得到消除，直到575℃合金仍然保持着大量的变形组织，添加钪的合金在高温退火后可以保留较高的强度，但合金塑性比普通Al-Mg合金要低。     

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