基于细粒度词表示的命名实体识别研究

命名实体识别(NER)是自然语言处理中的一项基础任务,其性能的优劣极大地影响着关系抽取、语义角色标注等后续任务。传统的统计模型特征设计难度大、领域适应性差,一些神经网络模型则忽略了词本身所具有的形态学信息。针对上述问题,该文构建了一种基于细粒度词表示的端到端模型(Finger-BiLSTM-CRF)来进行命名实体识别任务。该文首先提出一种基于注意力机制的字符级词表示模型Finger来融合形态学信息和单词的字符信息,然后将Finger与BiLSTM-CRF模型联合进行实体识别,最终该方法以端到端、无任何特征工程的方式在CoNLL 2003 数据集上取得了F₁为91.09%的结果。实验表明,该文设计的Finger模型显著提升NER系统的召回率,从而使得模型的识别能力显著提升。     

字符级卷积神经网络短文本分类算法

由于短文本具有长度短、特征稀疏以及上下文依赖性强等特点，传统方法对其直接进行分类精度有限。针对该问题，提出了一种基于字符级嵌入的卷积神经网络（CNN）和长短时记忆网络（LSTM）相结合的神经网络模型进行短文本的分类。该模型同时包括了高速公路网络（Highway networks）框架，用于缓解深度神经网络训练时的困难，提高分类的准确性。通过对几种数据集的测试，结果表明提出的模型在短文本分类任务中优于传统模型和其他基于CNN的分类模型。     

Chinese Named Entity Recognition with Character-Level BLSTM and Soft Attention Model

Unlike named entity recognition (NER) for English, the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER. To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation, a deep model extracting character-level features is carefully built and becomes a basis for a new Chinese NER method, which is proposed in this paper. This method converts the raw text to a character vector sequence, extracts global text features with a bidirectional long short-term memory and extracts local text features with a soft attention model. A linear chain conditional random field is also used to label all the characters with the help of the global and local text features. Experiments based on the Microsoft Research Asia (MSRA) dataset are designed and implemented. Results show that the proposed method has good performance compared to other methods, which proves that the global and local text features extracted have a positive influence on Chinese NER. For more variety in the test domains, a resume dataset from Sina Finance is also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.