Daily impaired detachment and short-term effects of impaired sleep quality on next-day commuting near-accidents – an ambulatory diary study

This study investigated the short-term effects of daily recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment from work and various actigraphical indicators of sleep quality, on near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Furthermore, the mediating effect of actigraphically assessed sleep quality on the relationship between impaired psychological detachment from work and near-accidents when commuting to work was analysed. Fifty-six full-time employees of a Swiss assurance company participated in the one-week study. Multilevel analyses revealed that impaired detachment was highly related to a decrease in sleep duration. Furthermore, impaired daily recovery processes, such as impaired psychological detachment from work and disturbed sleep quality, were related to commuting near-accidents. Impaired sleep quality mediated the effect of impaired psychological detachment from work on these near-accidents. Our results show that occupational safety interventions should address both impaired psychological detachment from work and sleep quality in order to prevent near accidents when commuting to work.

Practitioner Summary: Commuting accidents occur frequently and have detrimental effects on employees, organisations and society. This study shows that daily lack of recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment and impaired sleep quality, is related to near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Primary prevention of commuting accidents should therefore address daily lack of recovery.     

Discrete choice in commuter space: Small area analysis of diurnal population change in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

Considerations of metropolitan commuting have often related to urban space as a continuum, and to commuting itself as a process. This approach has led to escalating complexity in the measurement, modeling and analysis of commuting, often with no commensurate results. The present study extends an alternative approach that considers commuter space of a metropolis as a discrete set of small areas. Each small area throughout the metropolis is a nighttime location of some households and, as a possible discrete destination choice of individuals within households, each subarea is also a daytime location of some persons. Each subarea, therefore, may be thought of as attaining two values, corresponding to its daytime (e.g., noontime) and nighttime (e.g., midnight) populations. The diurnal demographic shift of subareas, as a set of binary events, or toggles, between daytime and nighttime populations, is associated with commuter access throughout the metropolis. Diurnal shift offers structural simplicity aimed at estimating small-area daytime populations across a metropolitan region that might suitably precede and complement conventional continuum considerations of commuting. Using data for the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, we identify average household size as the nighttime indicator of small-areas, and daytime population density as their daytime indicator. The potential for the estimation of daytime populations across metropolitan regions where daytime population data are unavailable, is underscored by the clear tendency towards inverse relation of these two indicators of diurnal shift.     

手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价中的应用——以上海市宝山区为例

城市建成环境与个人时空间行为之间具有密切的互动关系.利用手机信令数据,从职住关系、通勤行为和居民消费休闲出行行为的微观个体行为视角构建城市建成环境的评价框架,以上海市宝山区为例进行城市建成环境的综合评价.研究表明,居民各类活动、出行行为在空间分布上具有明显差异,受到用地、交通、区位等建成环境因素影响显著,综合分析得出宝山整体建成环境的发展呈现出南北不同的格局,具有明显的近中心城、新城和近轨道交通轴线的发展特征.最后,简要探讨了利用手机信令数据对城市建成环境评价的应用价值,并结合评价结果和区域发展目标,对宝山区的空间调整优化和居民行为引导提出建议.     

沪宁高速轨道交通走廊地区的职住区域化组合现象——基于沪宁动车组出行特征的典型调研

通过沪宁动车乘客调研问卷的统计,对当前区域的职住组合现状、职住区域化组合的模式、区域通勤者的职住意愿等内容进行了典型调查和分析,归纳出了当前主要的职住区域化组合模式,对存在的主要问题进行了初步识别,最后在职住平衡理念下,提出了减少区域职住分离和优化区域通勤质量的建议.     

Agglomeration and relocation: Manufacturing plant relocation in Korea

This study investigates the magnitude of localization economies by analysing the relocation pattern of Korean establishments in the manufacturing sector. Relocation of establishments is identified by their move across the border of wards, counties, or cities and distinguished between beyond and within their workers' commuting distance. It seems that relocation beyond commuting distance costs more than that within commuting distance since the former includes additional costs related with searching for, hiring, and training new workers. Key findings of this paper show that external benefits from agglomeration are large enough to be recognized by manufacturers through relocation beyond the border of their workers' commuting area. When the own industry's share of employment in all manufacturing industries becomes doubled through relocation, the probability for establishments to relocate over a long distance across the boundary of their workers' commuting area rises by 17 per cent. The results for sub‐samples divided by the age of establishments show that older establishments are more likely to relocate over a long distance to an area with disproportionate presence of establishments in the same industry. These results seem to fit product life cycle theory by Duranton and Puga. As the production process of the product becomes standardized, the firms producing that product tend to relocate to the specialized area where they can reduce the production costs by increasing dependence on the existing intermediate input suppliers, who are more likely to appear in a more specialized area.     

微波站电源系统技术改进

通过交流接触器常闭合触点的开合,控制串联二极管的工作压降,从而实现不用人工给蓄电池组"加尾"、"去尾",能同时保证微波设备正常工作及蓄电池组浮充充电的技术要求.     

More Effective Use of Commuter Time.

The author comments on a new technology for the daily commuter. The daily travel time to and from the laboratory may be put to more productive use by a portable wire recorder adapted to the automobile electrical system. This device can be used during the least hectic portion of driving time to listen to recordings of key passages, outlines, foreign language vocabulary, etc. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The built environment,transportation policy,and population health: a comparison of two cities

This preliminary study assesses the relationship between active transportation, the built environment, and population perceived health in two comparable cities in the Southeastern United States at different stages of improving infrastructure for active commuting. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed for Charlotte, NC, and Jacksonville, FL. The annual difference between the percentage of Charlotte respondents rating physical health as good compared to Jacksonville’s increased at a rate of 13% based on an exponential growth regression model (p = 0.02). Supportive urban and transportation policies aimed at facilitating healthy behaviors are associated with healthier communities.     

Strategic Planning for Employment Self-Containment in Metropolitan Sub-Regions

Metropolitan strategic plans often focus on strengthening local employment opportunities to address the congestion and commuting issues threatening city sustainability. The success of such strategies relies on a more equitable distribution of jobs between sub-regions and can be comparatively benchmarked through one of the three related measures of employment self-sufficiency, self-containment or jobs-housing balance. However, in practice, planning policy implementation to meet these targets seldom reduces automobile commuting. This paper investigates self-containment across a range of occupation and industry types to highlight large differences in commuting and employment patterns through a case study of Perth’s Northwest sub-region, Western Australia. Its findings suggest the application of current sub-regional policy and targets within Perth may reinforce the wage and skill disadvantage of outer metropolitan sub-regions over the inner core. It recommends a more nuanced understanding of these measures taking into account the complex dynamics of both employment opportunities and commuting patterns across sub-regions of a city.     

空间单元选择及多维度要素对职住平衡成效的影响

职住平衡作为一项应对交通和其它城市问题的政策措施,受学者和政策制定者的关注。然而空间单元的选择对职住平衡的指标有很大的影响U在城市社会经济活动日益复杂的情况下,职住在空间上平衡的分布对职住联系的成效如何仍然值得研究。将手机信令和调查样本数据结合进行研究,为了避免空间单元尺度的随意性问题,采用浮动区法,根据最大相关性原则确定空间单元的尺度,以此为基础探讨职住空间分布,测度职住平衡与空间联系成效的关系。在保持空间单元尺度一致性的基础上,研究个体社会经济特征、职住平衡、建成环境和区位等多维度要素对职住空间联系成效指标的影响。