Moderators of nonverbal indicators of deception: A meta-analytic synthesis.

In many legal proceedings, fact finders scrutinize the demeanor of a defendant or witness, particularly his or her nonverbal behavior, for indicators of deception. This meta-analysis investigated directly observable nonverbal correlates of deception as a function of different moderator variables. Although lay people and professionals alike assume that many nonverbal behaviors are displayed more frequently while lying, of 11 different behaviors observable in the head and body area, only 3 were reliably associated with deception. Nodding, foot and leg movements, and hand movements were negatively related to deception in the overall analyses weighted by sample size. Most people assume that nonverbal behaviors increase while lying; however, these behaviors decreased, whereas others showed no change. There was no evidence that people avoid eye contact while lying, although around the world, gaze aversion is deemed the most important signal of deception. Most effect sizes were found to be heterogeneous. Analyses of moderator variables revealed that many of the observed relationships varied as a function of content, motivation, preparation, sanctioning of the lie, experimental design, and operationalization. Existing theories cannot readily account for the heterogeneity in findings. Thus, practitioners are cautioned against using these indicators in assessing the truthfulness of oral reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于工作过程导向的《网络设备配置与管理》课程开发研究

简要介绍了德国双元制职业教育理论以及传统学科体系的课程模式的弊端,详细阐述了基于工作过程导向的《网络设备配置与管理》课程开发,包括整体改革思路、行动领域、学习领域、学习情境,以及教学过程等。     

Inference rules using local contexts

We construct equivalent localized versions of a formula, adding assumptions simultaneously to various locations, where the particular location determines what is added. Inference rules that take advantage of localized formulas are presented for sequent calculi in which the left hand side of sequents can be used to accumulate the background assumptions (or contexts) of assertions. The intended application is to the automatic generation of tractable justifying lemmas for substitution operations for interactive proof development systems, especially those concerned with mathematical topics where manipulation of deeply embedded terms is desirable.     

Collaborative writing in multiple discourse contexts

Research in computer-supported writing has traditionally compared electronic communication with oral, face-to-face communication to identify the benefits and weaknesses of each, as if they entailed dichotomous choices. In this article, we challenge that view and argue instead that any form of communication and its educational usefulness is shaped by the situation in which it is used, the backgrounds and goals of the participants, the institutional and technological setup, and the intended purpose of the medium. Three modes of communication in one graduate course are examined — oral discussion, synchronous written discussion on a local area network, and asynchronous written postings on an email list set up for the class. It was found that patterns of participation, topic introduction, and topic development differed across the three communication modes, but that the three were interwoven with each other and embedded within the larger classroom context and forms of knowledge creation in the class. Thus, rather than examining different communication media separately, researchers interested in understanding computer-supported collaborative writing need to look at how different media are used to create a meta-medium, which is established by the discourse community involved.     

Communication across Viewpoints

A case situation arising in a normal interaction among people is the baseline for discussing properties of the theory of viewpoints. In particular we consider how to ensure agreement on the meaning of certain utterances by agents who have different perspectives on the situation, while maintaning other knowledge as private. We argue that communication should be modeled as adding facts to the common knowledge of agents. We introduce the principle of 'referent sharing' in communications and argue that common knowledge resulting from communication should only use constants whose referent is manifest to the parties involved.     

从语境视角看翻译对等

从语境论的视角探讨了翻译对等的基础。翻译对等关系式。并着重分析了翻译表达语境，为翻译对等找到了更为客观的依据。     

基于粗糙集的形式背景属性约简及属性特征

本文在形式背景中,定义了一种上、下近似算子,给出近似算子的性质。基于算子给出形式背景属性约简的定义,得到属性约简的判定理论,刻画出不同类型属性的特征。最后,给出形式背景属性约简的方法。     

Algorithm for constructing three-way concepts

The theory of three-way concept analysis is newly developed, but so far there is no concrete algorithm for constructing three-way concepts. In order to solve this problem, a three-way concept construction algorithm named CbO3C is firstly proposed in this paper. The CbO3C adopts the idea of the construction algorithm CbO of formal concepts in formal concept analysis. At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency and lower the memory overhead, the CbO3C employs the partial closure canonicity test and inherited failure test to reduce the repeated computations of three-way concepts, applies the reduction condition to filter the non-core three-way concepts, and implements set operations on the basis of bits. The experiments with UCI and random data sets show that the CbO3C can correctly and efficiently calculate all core three-way concepts of a formal context.     

Modelling Shared Contexts in Cooperative Environments: Concept,Implementation, and Evaluation

Users who work together require adequate information about their cooperative environment: about other group members presence and activities, about shared artefacts, etc. In the CSCW literature several concepts, prototypes, and systems for providing this group awareness information have been presented. In general, they capture information from the environment, process it, and present it to the users. This paper addresses the processing aspect; in particular, we present a concept for processing awareness information by means of awareness contexts. With this concept we address the problem of contextualising event notifications enabling the presentation of notifications in the appropriate user situation. We describe a lightweight model and its integration into an event and notification infrastructure. We report on an empirical study, and draw some conclusions for the design of context-awareness for cooperative environments.