Assessment of the types of public building maintenance contracts in Saudi Arabia

The study revealed that Fixed Price, Cost Plus and Purchased Labour contracts are the top three maintenance contracts adopted whilst Unit Price, Cost Plus A Percentage Fee contracts are alternatives used in the Kingdom. Some other types of maintenance contract were thought to be inappropriate by ministry departments.     

An intelligent negotiator agent design for bilateral contracts of electrical energy

In this paper, an intelligent agent (using the Fuzzy SARSA learning approach) is proposed to negotiate for bilateral contracts (BC) of electrical energy in Block Forward Markets (BFM or similar market environments). In the BFM energy markets, the buyers (or loads) and the sellers (or generators) submit their bids and offers on a daily basis. The loads and generators could employ intelligent software agents to trade energy in BC markets on their behalves. Since each agent attempts to choose the best bid/offer in the market, conflict of interests might happen. In this work, the trading of energy in BC markets is modeled and solved using Game Theory and Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches. The Stackelberg equation concept is used for the match making among load and generator agents. Then to overcome the negotiation limited time problems (it is assumed that a limited time is given to each generator–load pairs to negotiate and make an agreement), a Fuzzy SARSA Learning (FSL) method is used. The fuzzy feature of FSL helps the agent cope with continuous characteristics of the environment and also prevents it from the curse of dimensionality. The performance of the FSL (compared to other well-known traditional negotiation techniques, such as time-dependent and imitative techniques) is illustrated through simulation studies. The case study simulation results show that the FSL based agent could achieve more profits compared to the agents using other reviewed techniques in the BC energy market.     

浅谈《建设工程施工合同》中的合同价确定方式的区别与应用

作为《建设工程施工合同》订立的核心内容,如果合同造价确定得合理,就会对施工过程中的变更以及工程竣工后的结算提供便利。在目前以发包商（项目开发商）占主导地位的建筑领域,对如何才能找到一条相对合理的方法来确定最终的合同总造价,哪种造价才是相对公平、合理而又不失灵活性等内容进行了探讨。     

固定总价合同下建筑工程多因素激励合同的设计

立足于承包、发包双方的收益,结合固定总价合同的特点,从质量一工期交换关系出发,把工期作为激励因子,质量作为约束条件,整合到一个模型中．考虑使用固定总价合同时,通过建立主从递阶决策激励模型,对招标、投标双方的收益进行优化,使得承包、发包双方都能达到最好收益．     

基于区块链技术的网络安全漏洞检测系统设计

为解决传统网络安全漏洞扫描受限,导致网络应用环境的安全性承载能力较差的问题,设计基于区块链技术的网络安全漏洞检测系统;利用网络爬虫模块抓取任务管理模块所需的待检测信息参量,按照漏洞数据所属的具体类别,将其分别反馈至XSS检测模块、SQL检测模块与CSRF检测模块之中;在此基础上,定义区块信息的实际交易格式,联合各项智能化合约,实现对系统功能需求的定向化分析,并完成相关用例图的构建;通过上述软、硬件设备基础,完成基于区块链技术的网络安全漏洞检测系统设计;对比实验结果显示,与C/S型网络漏洞检测系统相比,基于区块链技术检测系统的安全性等级划分条件更加细致,扫描web漏洞覆盖范围也更为广泛,有助于网络应用环境安全性承载能力的稳定提升.     

Territorial targeting in EU private law

In a series of rulings given in the last few years, the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) has made use of the concept of targeting by a trader of a particular territorial market as a device for determining the scope of European legislation on private law. The concept is of particular importance in the context of trading activities conducted by means of the Internet, though its significance is not confined to such activities. In particular, the European Court has used the concept of targeting for the purpose of restricting the substantive ambit of intellectual property rights created or harmonised by EU legislation. On the other hand, it has avoided use of the concept of targeting in the context of EU legislation allocating jurisdiction between the courts of the Member States, even in respect of disputes involving intellectual property, except where a legislative text specifically invokes such a concept. The instant paper endeavours to review the position as currently established by the European case-law, and to predict the likely further developments.     

计及期权合约和交易路径的省间优化出清模型与算法研究

针对省间电力交易计算的日趋复杂且效率缓慢等问题,结合省间主要输电线路特点,提出了基于图论法的交易路径优化方法;将期权模式引入合约市场交易中有效规避电价波动风险,提高参与者应对市场变化的能力。为了降低省间交易的计算难度、提高社会效益,以社会福利最大化为目标,构建了计及期权合约和交易路径的省间优化出清模型与算法。通过算例,验证了所提优化出清模型及期权合约的有效性和适用性。     

ARPO-2: An expert system for legal advice on the breach of building contracts

Although Berman and Hafner [Berman 1989, pp. 928–938] presented the possibility to adapt the model of reasoning of development of an expert system for medical diagnosis to the reasoning of a judge when he/she sentences criminals does not resemble the reasoning found in the decisions of physicians, mathematicians or statisticians.When a lawyer reasons, he/she not only looks for the solution of a case; he/she simultaneously looks for the bases on which his/her reasoning can rest [Galindo 1992, pp. 363–367]. That is to say, he/she not only needs to find the solution but moreover he/she has to find the references (laws, jurisprudence and bibliography) that allow him/her to argue the solution.In many cases, computer solutions to these reasoning processes have been made in a separated way: the solution to the cases using expert systems, and the search of documentation using information retrieval systems.This paper presents the ARPO-2 prototype, a solution integrating the two aspects of legal reasoning: an expert system which is able to simultaneously find the solution to a problem and to give the necessary references so that the lawyer argues the solution. The subject on which the prototype solves problems is the breach of building contracts.In this paper, we describe the process of development of an expert system for solving, justification and documentation of breach of contracts, giving details on the way how the objects that intervene in the case were defined as well as on the reasoning followed.This paper was funded in part by DGICYT, Spanish Civil Law Computerization Project: PB870-632.     

全矿井综合自动化系统服务级别协议的探究

针对目前全矿井综合自动化系统服务级别混乱和服务周期长的问题,提出采用服务级别协议的方式来分类分级管理售中和售后服务的方案,从安装调试类服务、系统推广类服务、定制升级类服务、技术支持服务和日常运营服务5个方面详细介绍了服务级别协议的分类管理及内容。服务级别协议将IT服务管理的思想贯彻到了全矿井综合自动化系统的合同签订及实施过程中,对合同的实施周期、项目的验收和合同回款都将起到显著的作用。