引滦入唐工程某渡槽裂缝成因及对策分析

针对引滦入唐工程中某渡槽的开裂情况，从渡槽的两个使用状态入手进行分析，考虑按旧规范计算对设计造成的误差，采用大型有限元分析程序分析了渡槽各种工况的运行情况，并根据使用情况分析了开裂原因，提出了加固意见和同类渡槽设计的建议。     

双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置设计与优化

为了降低海洋能源发电装置的发电成本、提升发电效率,研制了一种新型的双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置。采用经验算法和Fluent软件分别对装置的发电机、叶片、双向轴流泵和导流罩进行了设计优化。通过对安装20 W电机和200 W电机发电装置的水槽试验,分析了在不同工况和负载下,发电装置输出的直流电流值、直流电压值、发电功率以及获能效率。结果显示,波浪力能够直接驱动装置叶轮运转进行发电,不需经过中间环节转换,省去了二级发电损耗,在最低流速0.5 m/s的工况下装置能够自启动,而且水流的流向不影响装置的发电效率。从最终的获能效率可知,导流罩对于提升装置发电效率作用巨大。通过对此新型双向直驱式海浪发电装置的进一步研究表明,该发电装置尺寸及发电机功率是制约整个装置发电效率的关键,为下一步研制大型样机以及进行海试提供了依据。     

潮汐双向流条件下丁坝水流特性研究

以长江口南支河段为原型,概化并建立水槽数学模型,研究径潮双向流条件下丁坝附近的水流结构。研究表明:丁坝一侧河岸,丁坝下游潮差远大于上游,在丁坝上游潮差小于对岸侧,下游潮差大于对岸侧;落潮时,丁坝回流区与壅水区长度大于涨潮,转流时刻,丁坝坝头附近流速相对较大;河床底部剪切应力变化在涨落急时刻最大,且落潮大于涨潮,转流时刻坝头及坝身迎水侧剪切应力增加明显。     

内孤立波环境下柱体的受力特性

针对以往孤立波对柱体作用研究多只针对柱体的整体受力开展,少有研究精细获取柱体不同部位受力特性的问题,借助三维大涡模拟(LES)数值波浪水槽,通过提取柱周流场及压强分布,得到柱体所受压差阻力及黏滞力的垂向分布,对柱体在孤立波环境中的受力特性进行了分析,并采用多元线性回归分析,构造综合影响参数分析了柱体受力特性,构建了柱体受力系数经验表达式。结果表明:上下层水体中方柱所受压差阻力约分别为圆柱的1.5倍和3.5倍;作用于柱体上的黏滞力比压差阻力小1或2个数量级,可忽略流体的黏性效应;综合影响参数与相对波幅正相关,与上下水深比负相关。     

长江口北槽泥沙起动流速研究

在大量实测资料分析、室内水槽试验和现场坐底观测试验的基础上,对长江口北槽泥沙起动流速特性进行了分析研究。首先分析了北槽河床质实测资料,明确了北槽中段河床组成特性。通过北槽天然沙的室内水槽试验研究了天然沙在浅水区的起动特性。通过北槽现场坐底观测的实测结果分析了北槽实际的泥沙起动特征,其中泥沙起动状态主要通过近底泥沙浓度变化和床面冲淤变化的判定。在以上实测资料的基础上分析了北槽的泥沙起动规律,推荐了在浅水区和深水区适宜的泥沙起动流速经验公式。     

堰塞坝漫顶溃决试验及相关数学模型研究

针对当前堰塞坝溃决试验粒径取值偏低和粒径相差不大的现状,采用两组粒径差别明显的砂样进行了堰塞坝垭口漫顶溃决试验。试验表明,同条件下粗、细两种颗粒坝体的溃决现象有着较明显的不同。垭口挡板提起后,细颗粒坝体以下切侵蚀为主,冲刷强度比较剧烈,坝体较容易发生溃决;而粗颗粒坝体则是以渗流出流形成的溯源冲刷为主,冲刷强度较低,溯源面逐渐向上发展,只有当其发展到垭口下端附近时坝体才有可能迅速发生溃决。试验还发现,下游坝坡对溃决过程的影响比较显著,坝坡越陡,坝体越易溃决,溃口的平均展宽速率也越大。此外以deVries输沙率公式为基础建立了具有物理意义的概念性溃口出流计算模型,并采用试验实测数据对该模型进行了验证,结果表明该模型具有良好的适用性。     

Flume Experiment on Stream Blockage by the Debris Flow From Tributary

Stream blockage by the debris flow from tributary valleys is a common phenomenon in mountainous area,which takes place when large quantities of sediment transported by debris flow reaches a river channel causing its complete or partial blockage.The dam formed by debris flow may causes upstream and downstream flooding,and presents great threat to people and property.Because of the catastrophic influence on people and property,debris-flow dam has attracted many attentions from the researchers and local administration.But,lit- tle attention has been given to the quantitative interrelationships of the potential influential factors.In this pa- per,the interrelationships of important influential factors caused the stream blockage by debris flow were ana- lyzed through flume experiment,and a model to predict the blockage was presented.     

台阶地形上波浪运动的数值研究

波浪在水深剧变地形上的传播，可以简化为波浪在台阶地形上的传播.利用二维数值波浪水槽可以很好地模拟这一过程，特别是对波浪在台阶上的非线性变形.数值计算结果与实验测量进行了比较，结果吻合良好.     

二维数值水槽波浪生成过程及波浪形态分析

为了弥补物理模型试验投资大、模型相似性差等缺点，利用数学模型进行流体力学研究越来越普遍。基于物理水槽造波原理，在FLUENT流体软件中通过设定造波板边界的运动来模拟实际造波板的运动过程，实现了二维规则波的数值模拟，并给出了波高随造波板运动周期、振幅及坐标的变化规律。对波浪形态的分析表明，利用本文研究的数值模拟方法所生成的波浪符合实际造波形态。通过改变边界条件，用该方法也可以实现二维不规则波和随机波的数值模拟。     

Experimental and numerical research on portable short-throat flume in the field

The use of portable short-throat flume in the field is an emerging technique developed for water discharges measurement of inlet in the field. Based on the principle of critical flow and RNG k–ε three-dimensional turbulence model along with the TruVOF technique, experiments and corresponding simulations were performed for 16 working conditions on the 76 mm width flume with discharges up to 40.01 L/s to determine its hydraulic performance. Hydraulic performance of the flume obtained from simulation analyses were later compared with observed results based on time-averaged flow field, flow pattern, Froude number and velocity distribution. Comparison yielded a solid agreement between results from two methods with relative error below ±10%. Regression models developed for upstream depth versus discharge under different working conditions were satisfying with the relative error of 9.16%, which met the common requirements of flow measurement in irrigation areas. Compared to the long-throat flume, head loss of portable short-throat flume in the field was significantly less. Further, head loss under the free flow condition was less than that under the submerged flow condition of portable short-throat flume with a flat base in the field.