Starch: a potential substrate for biohydrogen production

Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier with great potential to be an alternative fuel. Anaerobic hydrogen fermentation seems to be more favorable, since hydrogen is yielded at high rates and various organic waste and wastewater enriched with carbohydrates as substrate result in low cost for hydrogen production. Abundant biomass from various industries could be a source for biohydrogen production where combination of waste treatment and energy production would be an advantage. Carbohydrate‐rich nitrogen‐deficient solid wastes such as starch residues can be used for hydrogen production by using suitable bioprocess technologies. Alternatively, converting biomass into gaseous fuels, such as biohydrogen, is possibly the most efficient way to use these agroindustrial residues. This review summarizes the potential of starch agroindustrial residues as a substrate for biohydrogen production. Types of potential starch agroindustrial residues, recent developments and bio‐processing conditions for biohydrogen production will be discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

延长分米波电视发射管使用寿命的探讨（上）

文章从原理上讨论了影响分米波电视发射管寿命的若干因素。并提出了若干延长寿命的建议：（１）正确的灯丝加热方法是行之有效的措施，经验证明：过分强调降低灯丝电压往往得到相反的效果。（２）必须有良好的冷却方式。（３）通过对帘栅电路的分析，说明对此电路必须作很好的处理以消除故障和防止寄生振荡。     

引力势、物质运动与时空结构 宇宙演化概略与“暗能量”

将物质运动和宇宙引力势之间的相互作用关系用于解释大爆炸理论模型,推论了宇宙演化概略.分析了由各个层次的物质运动与宇宙引力势之间的相互作用所产生的后果及其在宇宙演化过程中所起的作用,讨论了宇宙由减速膨胀转变为加速膨胀的基本原因,澄清了"暗能量"的本质.     

明亮区域的暗原色先验算法

针对暗原色先验算法在处理含有大面积明亮区域的有雾图像时,复原图像会产生严重色彩偏移的不足,提出了一种基于像素点的透射率修正方案.在分析暗原色先验去雾原理以及复原图像色彩偏移成因的基础上,对去雾模型进行推导,使用暗通道亮度与大气光数值接近度及像素通道间数值接近度作为明亮区域判定机制,得出更具普适性的透射率求取方法.明亮区域采用容差机制纠正错误估计的透射率,非明亮区域仍采用原透射率求取方式,并首次将改进算法应用到雪天模糊图像清晰化中.实验结果表明,改进算法使去雾图像清晰自然,可有效修正色彩失真.     

居民平均可支配收入评价的定量分析

针对居民平均可支配收入的评价,以泰尔指数为切入点,综合运用变异系数、多元回归分析等多种方法,建立泰尔指数模型、标准收入模型和指数函数模型,运用Matlab、Excel等软件编程,得出了居民收入贫富差距现象的主要原因和各年居民平均收入数据的基本规律：马太效应。     

����Ⱥ��ϵͳ���㷨����ѧ��ģ

 建立电梯群控系统的算法调度方案优化与数学建模，使之尽可能地满足电梯乘客的满意度和减少电梯的能源损耗以满足企业的满意度。本文利用应用数学中的模糊综合评判理论对电梯群控系统的算法进行一一对应建立数学建模。     

The effect of vacancies on the annular dark field image contrast of grain boundaries: a SrTiO(3) case study

The analysis of grain boundary structure in high resolution electron microscopy is often hindered by contrast variation within the grain boundary region which is not explained by simple models of the grain boundary structure. Recent work suggests that structural disorder along the beam direction and the presence of vacancies contribute significantly to this effect. One might expect a significant reduction in contrast in a Z-contrast image of a grain boundary would imply that vacancies present must result from the absence of heavier elements. Using a [001](210) Σ5 grain boundary in SrTiO₃ as a test case and first principles structure relaxation to calculate stable defect structures, we show that the reduction in the intensity from fully occupied Sr columns due to the structural distortion resulting from a nearby O vacancy can be as great as that due to introducing a Sr vacancy in the column itself. The effect on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy signals is also considered, but found to be smaller than that on Z-contrast images.     

The dark side of information technology use

A large body of research has considered the positive aspects of information technology (IT) use. However, emerging research and practice commentary is beginning to focus on complex and often alarming ways in which use of IT affects organisational and social life. This Special Issue focuses on these ‘dark’ effects of IT use.     

复杂地形下自动提取多暗像元的TM影像大气纠正方法

复杂地形条件下气溶胶的空间分布变化较大,用单一的气溶胶实测参数或单一的暗像元进行大气纠正都难以获得好的效果,手动选取暗像元还受限于专业人员的经验。通过程序自动提取图像中的浓密植被像元以及位于山区阴影的植被像元作为暗像元,使得暗像元均匀分布于图像的各个区域、各个海拔,更好地模拟复杂地形下的大气状况。根据辐射传输模型,利用迭代、插值等方法获取TM1和TM3波段光学厚度,进而推算成像时刻的气溶胶波长指数及混浊度系数,从而得到各个波段的大气光学厚度以实现大气纠正。     

基于超像素暗通道和自动色阶优化的图像去雾算法

针对暗通道先验(dark channel prior, DCP)复原图像中的光晕现象、明亮区域色彩失真、环境光估计不准确等问题,提出了基于超像素暗通道和自动色阶优化的单幅图像去雾算法。首先,由改进的White Patch Retinex算法增强图像并计算精确环境光。接着,在传统暗通道去雾算法中引入超像素图像分割和引导滤波算法,使透射率估计的稳健性与精确性得以提升。然后,采用自适应容差对明亮区域的透射率进行补偿,有效抑制明亮区域色彩失真问题。最后,以自动色阶优化算法提高图像对比度。将本文去雾算法与其他算法从主观和客观两个维度进行比较,实验结果表明：采用不同算法对不同浓度的自然雾图进行对比实验,信息熵提高0.2 bit,峰值信噪比(peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)提高0.8 dB,运行效率提高。该算法对不同浓度含雾图像具有良好的适应性,复原图像色彩真实、纹理清晰、细节丰富,去雾效果良好。