Reconfigurable hardware implementation of a phase-correlation stereoalgorithm

This paper describes the implementation of a stereo-vision system using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Reconfigurable hardware, including FPGAs, is an attractive platform for implementing vision algorithms due to its ability to exploit parallelism often found in these algorithms, and due to the speed with which applications can be developed as compared to hardware. The system outputs 8-bit, subpixel disparity estimates for 256× 360 pixel images at 30,fps. A local-weighted phase correlation algorithm for stereo disparity [Fleet, D. J.: {Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybernetics 1:48–54 (1994)] is implemented. Despite the complexity of performing correlations on multiscale, multiorientation phase data, the system runs as much as 300 times faster in hardware than its software implementation. This paper describes the hardware platform used, the algorithm, and the issues encountered during its hardware implementation. Of particular interest is the implementation of multiscale, steerable filters, which are widely used in computer vision algorithms. Several trade-offs (reducing the number of filter orientations from three to two, using fixed-point computation, changing the location of one localized low-pass filter, and using L1 instead of L2 norms) were required to both fit the design into the available hardware and to achieve video-rate processing. Finally, results from the system are given both for synthetic data sets as well as several standard stereo-pair test images.     

The visual control of reaching and grasping: Binocular disparity and motion parallax.

The primary visual sources of depth and size information are binocular cues and motion parallax. Here, the authors determine the efficacy of these cues to control prehension by presenting them in isolation from other visual cues. When only binocular cues were available, reaches showed normal scaling of the transport and grasp components with object distance and size. However, when only motion parallax was available, only the transpont component scaled reliably. No additional increase in scaling was found when both cues were available simultaneously. Therefore, although equivalent information is available from binocular and motion parallax information, the latter may be of relatively limited use for the control of the grasp. Binocular disparity appears selectively important for the control of the grasp. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种基于MPEG-2的立体视频编码中的视差匹配快速算法

高效，快速的视差匹配是立体视频处理中的一项关键技术。本文在分析立体图像序列的视差矢量与运动矢量之间的相关性的基础上，提出一种基于MPEG-2的立体视频编码中的视差匹配快速算法。实验结果表明，与全搜索法相比，在保证重建图像质量的前提下，快速算法能显著降低视差估计的计算复杂度。     

基于梯度值的自适应窗口立体图像匹配算法

针对基于区域的立体图像匹配算法支持窗口难以选择,容易出现窗口过大或过小的问题,提出一种新的自适应窗口立体图像匹配算法。该算法利用Sobel梯度算子计算像素梯度值,并根据其梯度值动态地获取具有自适应的支持窗口,然后分别选择相似性测度函数SAD或NCC搜索最佳匹配点,获得视差图。此外,算法在窗口选择过程中进行优化,减少了计算量。实验结果表明,改进后的算法提高了匹配正确率且计算时间缩短了近5%。     

基于素质差距的装备保障训练需求分析应用研究*

针对我军新型装备缺乏系统规范的保障训练需求分析的问题,提出了“基于人员素质差距确定训练需求”的思路,并结合案例建立了我军装备保障训练需求分析的仿真模型,经验证,仿真结果科学有效。     

Aging and availability of binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues in 3D graphics contents

Some stereoblind observers do not perceive depth of 3D stimuli that depends on binocular disparity. These individuals, who have no disabilities, comprise over 5% of the general population. In addition, 17–30% of nonstereoblind young and young–middle people do not use disparity information in certain 3D environments, a phenomenon known as pseudo‐stereoblindness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aging and the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness in the general population. In an experiment, 134 nonstereoblind participants, ranging in age from 17 to 83 years, judged subjective depth of 3D stimuli containing binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues. Results showed that the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness among young (17–24 years old) and young–middle aged observers (25–39 years old) was 29%, in both cases. However, the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblind observers increased in older populations: 65% and 82% in the middle (40–54 years old) and senior (55–83 years old) age groups, respectively. These results suggest that a number of people, especially in elderly populations, have trouble perceiving depth from binocular disparity in 3D graphic contents despite their essential ability to use disparity information.     

长江三角洲地区城乡收入差距测度

基于GE指数相关理论,测度了长江三角洲的城乡收入差距,测算和分析各种收入来源对城乡之间收入差距的影响度,得出了经营性收入对城乡收入差距的贡献率最大、工资性收入其次、财产性收入和转移性收入贡献率最小等结论。     

中国硬质合金产业的技术进步

简要介绍了中国硬质合金产业技术进步的历程,阐述了在超细硬质合金、涂层硬质合金、CAD/CAM技术、喷雾干燥和气压烧结方面取得的长足进步。指出了中国硬质合金产业与国外先进水平的四大差距,提出了组建国家硬质合金工程研究中心,加强宏观调控,快速提升应用技术水平和培育高水平人才等重要对策。     

Relationship between age differences and display parameters on visual comfort for autostereoscopic display

In order to investigate the age differences for viewing autostereoscopic display, we conduct a 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 mixed design with repeated measurement experiment by using three‐dimensional (3D) video clips. Visual comfort is compared between four age groups with a questionnaire. Results of subjective evaluation are compared through the chi‐square test to check if there is a statistical significance between groups with respect to the distribution of number and proportion according to five levels of visual comfort. Then we examine age differences of visual comfort under three key display parameters including crosstalk, ambient illumination, and disparity. The results indicate that the degree of comfort varies considerably among age groups as the parameters of the display system change. Although the seniors feel most discomfort and the children get best experience in general, there is no statistical difference among the subjects when the ambient illumination is medium or disparity is large. So, it is necessary to take account of the age differences in designing 3D display parameters for enhancing visual comfort.     

自适应分层粒子群稠密视差图估计

分析了遗传算法的缺陷,提出了自适应分层粒子群(PSO)立体匹配算法计算稠密视差图。首先采用SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)特征检测和匹配算法准确地确定视差范围;其次根据图像和视差范围的大小分层,建立由粗及细的自适应分层图像金字塔结构,加快搜索速度、减少错误匹配;然后在优化函数中引入能根据匹配窗口大小自动变化的因子来调整灰度项和平滑项数据的权重,并用改进的带变异算子的整数形式的PSO进行优化,避免了遗传算法搜索的盲目性以及容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,更快、更好地找到最优解。最后合成图像以及真实图像的实验结果表明该方法精度较高,速度较快。