Extrapolation of fuzzy values from incomplete data bases

This paper presents different approaches which enable a data base management system to obtain a plausible fuzzy estimate for an attribute value of an item for which the information is not explicitly stored in the data base. This can be made either by a kind of analogical reasoning from information about particular items or by means of expert rules which specify the (fuzzy) sets of possible values of the attribute under consideration, for various classes of items. Another kind of expert rules enables the system to compute an estimate from the attribute value of another item provided that, in other respects, this latter item sufficiently resembles the item, the value of which we are interested in; then these expert rules are used either for controlling the analogical reasoning process or for enlarging the scope of application of the first kind of expert rules. The different approaches are discussed in the framework of possibility theory.     

未结盟大学的联盟

通过梳理管理学界对战略联盟的定义，发现价值链的鸸释同样适用于大学问的战略联盟。通过对已有的大学战略联盟的分析，提出了名校联盟与非名校联盟间的若干差异，最后提出了我国大学联盟战略的若干建议。     

Work-oriented development of knowledge-based systems: a case for multiple perspectives

System development is strongly influenced by the perspectives used by system developers. Current development methods for knowledge-based systems are based on an information processing perspectives of experts and users which has been criticized by a number of researchers. The paper argues that work-oriented development of knowledge-based systems requires the parallel use of multiple perspectives (including the information processing perspective), and that the use of any single perspective is potentially dangerous. As an example of the importance of using multiple perspectives, thepaper presents the situated action perspective, and shows how it complements the information processing perspective.     

Notes on Ginsberg's multivalued logics

The use of multivalued logics for knowledge representation and nonmonotonic reasoning has often been advocated, in particular within the general framework proposed by Ginsberg in his paper "Multivalued logics: a uniform approach to reasoning in artificial intelligence." His system is based on a multivalued logic with an arbitrary number of truth values classified with respect to two partial orders, a truth order and a knowledge order. This classification is very interesting and gives an intuitive appeal to the framework. In this paper the work by Ginsberg is critically reviewed, pointing out some flaws and ways to overcome them. Moreover, we present some ideas on how to modify the original schema in order to obtain a more semantically well-founded framework.
L'utilisation de la Iogique multivalente pour la représentation des connaissances et le raisonnement non monotone a souvent été préconisée, en particulier à l'intérieur du cadre général proposé par Ginsberg dans son article intitulé〘 Multivalued logics: a uniform approach to reasoning in artificial intelligence 〙 Son système est basé sur une logique multivalente comportant un nombre arbitraire de valeurs de vérité classées selon deux ordres partiels: un ordre de vérité et un ordre de connaissances. Cette classification est très intéressante et donne un attrait intuitif au cadre. Dans cet article, l'auteur examine le travail de Ginsberg, y relève des lacunes et propose des moyens de les corriger. De plus, il expose certaines idées en vue de modifier le schéma original et ainsi obtenir un meilleur cadre du point de vue de la sémantique.     

油基钻井液的推广及循环利用

针对普通水基钻井液在钻进中强、强水敏性油藏时会造成储层污染、产量降低的问题,指出了油基钻井液在钻进该类油藏时的优势和其成本高、对生态环境有污染的缺点。为了大面积推广应用油基钻井液,重点介绍了油基钻井液的特性和稳定性影响因素,并通过室内评价证明了油基钻井液在油层保护中的良好效果,着重阐述了油基钻井液在王庄油田的现场应用情况,并探讨了油基钻井液的循环利用技术。研究结果表明,油基钻井液不仅具有良好的油层保护效果,而且具有较好的社会经济效益。     

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准的修订

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准进行了第三次修订。本文介绍了修订的理由、修订的内容与依据，并与国内外同类产品标准进行了比较。     

Determinants of health knowledge: An investigation of age, gender, abilities, personality, and interests.

Ten areas of health knowledge were investigated in 2 studies, 1 of college students (N=169) and 1 of adults from the community (ages 19-70; N=176). Measures assessed knowledge of aging, orthopedic/ dermatological concerns, common illnesses, childhood/early life, serious illnesses, mental health, nutrition, reproduction, safety, and treatment of illness/disease. Significant gender differences favoring women were found for most areas of health knowledge, especially reproduction and early life. Results showed that cognitive ability accounted for the most variance in health knowledge with nonability (personality and interest traits) and demographic variables accounting for smaller but significant amounts of variance across most knowledge domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The oxidation of two ternary Ni-Cu-10 at.% Al alloys in 1 atm of pure O2 at 800-900 °C

The oxidation of the ternary alloys Ni-45Cu-10Al and Ni-30Cu-10Al has been studied at 800-900 °C under 1 atm O₂. The presence of 10 at.% Al reduces significantly the oxidation rate of the corresponding Cu-Ni alloys during the initial oxidation stages, even before the establishment of a complete Al₂O₃ layer. The weight of individual sample of the two ternary Ni-Cu-10Al alloys at 800 °C increases more rapidly than at 900 °C during the initial oxidation stage. As oxidation proceeds, the weight gain at 800 °C slows down to a degree that the total weight gain after 24 h oxidation at 800 °C is less than that at 900 °C. Due to a faster formation of the Al₂O₃ layer, which suppresses earlier the further oxidation of Cu and Ni, the external region of the scales grown on Ni-45Cu-10Al contain much less Cu and Ni oxides than those grown on Ni-30Cu-10Al. The transition from the internal oxidation to the selective external oxidation of the most reactive component Al in Ni-Cu-Al alloys is favored by higher values of the Al content, of temperature and of the Cu/Ni ratio.