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1.
硬件教学实验必须由验证性向设计性转变,才能达到培养学生设计能力和处理问题的能力。而逻辑分析仪是数字系统设计的常用工具.对于实验和教学都起着不可忽视的作用。 相似文献
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On the ontological expressiveness of information systems analysis and design grammars 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Abstract. Information systems analysis and design (ISAD) methodologies provide facilities for describing existing or conceived real-world systems. These facilities are ontologically expressive if they are capable of describing all real-world phenomena completely and clearly. In this paper we formally examine the notion of the ontological expressiveness of a grammar and discuss some of its implications for the design and use of ISAD methodologies. We identify some generic ways in which ontological expressiveness may be undermined in a grammar and some potential consequences of these violations. We also examine ontological expressiveness within the context of some other desirable features that might be considered in the design of ISAD methodologies. 相似文献
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Dynamic web sites commonly return information in the form of lists and tables. Although hand crafting an extraction program for a specific template is time-consuming but straightforward, it is desirable to automatically generate template extraction programs from examples of lists and tables in html documents. Supervised approaches have been shown to achieve high accuracy, but they require manual labelling of training examples, which is also time consuming. Fully unsupervised approaches, which extract rows and columns by detecting regularities in the data, cannot provide sufficient accuracy for practical domains. We describe a novel technique, Post-supervised Learning, which exploits unsupervised learning to avoid the need for training examples, while minimally involving the user to achieve high accuracy. We have developed unsupervised algorithms to extract the number of rows and adopted a dynamic programming algorithm for extracting columns. Our method achieves high performance with minimal user input compared to fully supervised techniques. 相似文献
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Enhanced C (EC) is a set-oriented, extensible, C-like language. EC uses data abstractions to define new types. These data abstractions, called clusters, are macro-like devices that perform substitution on the typed syntax tree. Debugging programs that use clusters raise problems that are not encountered in ordinary programming languages. At compile time there is a need to determine and report whether the macro expansion will result in a legal program before this expansion actually takes place. At run-time the problems are how to account for replaced statements and how to handle variables whose types have been established by the clusters, variables that disappear, or variables whose names have been changed. This article presents these problems and their solutions as implemented by the EC compiler and the EC symbolic debugger. Similar debugging problems appear in other languages: The need to handle variables at run time is common to all languages that support data abstraction even if the abstractions are procedure oriented; also, a mild form of the problem of the replaced statement appears in inline procedure substitution of Ada. The solutions developed for the EC debugger apply to these cases as well. 相似文献
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双向HFC网络具有上下两个通道,它们的信号传输方式既有相同点也有不同点,具体说明信号流方向、信号类型、传输方式、光缆拓扑结构、信号测量方法、衰减器与均衡器位置、增益点选择等方面的不同,并说明它们在网络调试中的作用。 相似文献
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Philippe Meunier Robert Bruce Findler Paul Steckler Mitchell Wand 《Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation》2005,18(3-4):245-269
A set-based program analysis establishes constraints between sets of abstract values for all expressions in a program. Solving
the system of constraints produces a conservative approximation to the program's runtime flow of values.
Some practical set-based analyses use explicit selectors to extract the relevant values from an approximation set. For example,
if the analysis needs to determine the possible return values of a procedure, it uses the appropriate selector to extract
the relevant component from the abstract representation of the procedure.
In this paper, we show that this selector-based approach complicates the constraint solving phase of the analysis too much
and thus fails to scale up to realistic programming languages. We demonstrate this claim with a full-fledged value flow analysis
for case-lambda, a multi-branched version of lambda. We show how both the theoretical underpinnings and the practical implementation become
too complex. In response, we present a variant of set-based closure analysis that computes equivalent results in a much more
efficient manner. 相似文献