Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

Eight-node conforming straight-side quadrilateral element with high-order completeness (QH8-C1)

A new eight-node conforming quadrilateral element with high-order completeness, denoted as QH8-C1, is proposed in this article. First, expressions for the interpolation displacement function satisfying the requirements for high-order completeness in the global coordinate system are constructed. Second, the displacement function expression in global coordinates is transformed into isoparametric coordinates, and the relationships between the two series of coefficients for the two kinds of displacement function expressions are found. Third, the displacement function expression is modified to satisfy the requirements of nodal freedom and interelement boundary continuity. The key to the new element construction is the derivation of the linear relationship expressions among 12 coefficients of element displacement interpolation polynomials in the global and isoparametric coordinate systems. As a result, the relationship between quadratic completeness and interelement continuity is explicitly given, and a proof of the completeness and the continuity was conducted to theoretically guarantee the validity of the derivation results. Furthermore, in order to verify the correctness of the theoretical work, nine numerical examples were performed. The computation results from these examples demonstrate that QH8-C1 exhibited excellent performance, including high simulation accuracy, fast convergence, insensitivity to mesh distortion, and monotonic convergence.     

Analysis of Distributed DDQ for QoS Router

In a packet switching network, congestion is unavoidable and affects the quality of real‐time traffic with such problems as delay and packet loss. Packet fair queuing (PFQ) algorithms are well‐known solutions for quality‐of‐service (QoS) guarantee by packet scheduling. Our approach is different from previous algorithms in that it uses hardware time achieved by sampling a counter triggered by a periodic clock signal. This clock signal can be provided to all the modules of a routing system to get synchronization. In this architecture, a variant of the PFQ algorithm, called digitized delay queuing (DDQ), can be distributed on many line interface modules. We derive the delay bounds in a single processor system and in a distributed architecture. The definition of traffic contribution improves the simplicity of the mathematical models. The effect of different time between modules in a distributed architecture is the key idea for understanding the delay behavior of a routing system. The number of bins required for the DDQ algorithm is also derived to make the system configuration clear. The analytical models developed in this paper form the basis of improvement and application to a combined input and output queuing (CIOQ) router architecture for a higher speed QoS network.     

宽带综合IP网的MPLS技术及其应用

多协议标记交换（MPLS）技术是综合利用网络第二层交换技术的有效性和第三层IP路由的灵活性等优点而产生的多层交换技术。通过在传统的IP包里加入标记，使路由转发依赖于标记，大大地提高IP包的转发速度，同时可使传统IP网络具有服务质量（QoS）能力。现主要分析MPLS体系结构，指出MPLS的一些应用。     

有线电视宽带网边界路由系统安全技术研究

提出在当今有线电视宽带网络环境下,从构建安全的边界路由系统出发,研究在边界路由器上采取针对有线电视宽带网内部网络的报文过滤和针对路由系统本身的安全策略,并在某有线电视宽带网络中进行了典型应用,实践证明可以达到事半功倍的网络安全目的.     

MPLS交换路由器的设计与实现

MPLS是目前Internet核心网上最看好的技术，基于Crossbar的高速交换技术的发展也很快，但是如何实现2种技术的有机结合以到达最优的性能却有一系列问题需要考虑。本文结合某MPLS路由器的设计项目，综合考虑了当前MPLS的标准以及有关交换结构的最新技术，对实现MPLS交换路由器进行了深入研究，并详细探讨了高速接口、排除和调度以及Crossbar等关键模块的设计和实现方案。     

网格计算及其应用

网络计算给互联网带来了新的活力，它是一种新型的分布计算技术，致力于解决复杂度很高的新应用问题，文中简述了网格计算的定义、体系结构、关键问题、当前几个有代表性的网格系统以及网格应用实例，并分析了风格计算发展趋势。     

达县广电城域网运行状况及故障分析

对达县广电城域网运行状况进行了检测，认为不能满足用户上网需要的原因除了网内病毒感染之外，设备与设备之间链路层协商及连接线出现故障。改进措施主要有两点：解决NE08E与S8505的连接问题，解决S8505上的DHCP服务器不能分配IP地址问题。     

钒酸钇晶体及其在光纤通信中的应用

钒酸钇（YVO4）晶体具有良好的机械和物理特性，近年在光纤通信器件制造生产中得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍了基于YVO4晶体为材料的隔离器、环行器和交叉波分复用的功能及其原理结构。     

Recent developments of high-performance NEOMAX magnets

For further improvement in achieving extremely high magnetic properties of Nd- Fe- B sintered magnets, extensive investigation has been done to densify the magnet up to the theoretical value, to increase the volume fraction of the Nd ₂Fe₁₄B matrix phase, and to achieve a high degree of alignment. By controlling chemical composition and the amount of constituent phases,improving particle size distribution, and adopting the isostatic pressing method to get better alignment of fine particles, we have succeeded in obtaining a high-performance magnet having residual flux density (B_r) of 1.495 T (14.95 kG), maximum energy product [(BH)_max] of 431 kj/m³ (54.2 MGOe), and intrinsic coercivity (iH_c) of 845 kA/m (10.62 kOe).