Grand theories of personality cannot be integrated.

Comments on the original article "A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles for an Integrative Science of Personality," by Dan P. McAdams and Jennifer L. Pals (see record 2006-03947-002). McAdams and Pals (April 2006) presented a new model to integrate the field of personality psychology. Cultural and evolutionary factors interact with an individual's basic traits, characteristic adaptations, and life narratives, which in turn are linked to roles, demands, and behaviors. The current authors welcome McAdams and Pals's (2006) model for providing a way to integrate much of the previously disparate empirical findings in personality psychology. However, the current authors also think that McAdams and Pals (2006) overstated the inclusiveness of the model, and more generally, the current authors dispute their assertion that the grand theories of personality can be integrated within a single model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gas-Chromatographic Analyses of the Subcaudal Gland Secretion of the European Badger (Meles meles) Part I: Chemical Differences Related to Individual Parameters

In many species, chemical signals are important in the context of intraspecific communication. European badgers (Meles meles) use the secretion of their subcaudal gland to mark both the environment and conspecifics. In this paper, we investigated the chemical composition of subcaudal gland secretions and how it varies among individuals according to group membership, season, sex, age, body condition, and reproductive status. We analyzed 66 samples by gas chromatography using a mass-spectrometer as detector. We found 110 different components, of which 21 were present in every profile. The chemical composition of the secretions proved to be highly individual-specific, but no single peak was found to be typical for one of the investigated categories (season, sex, etc.). Analyses of the relative area (% area) that every peak contributed to the overall profile area showed that, in general, group members have more similar profiles than do badgers from different groups. Composition varied over seasons and between sexes and was influenced by age, body condition, and reproductive status. We, therefore, conclude that the secretion not only encodes group membership and individuality as previously assumed, but might also convey information about fitness-related parameters.     

干部思想政治教育接受主体共性与个性探析

领导干部是干部思想政治教育的接受主体,政治指向性、人格自觉性、组织原则性是干部群体接受的共性。干部个体受道德意识、前知结构、心理素质、思维方式等因素影响产生的差异,构成了相对连贯和稳定的接受个性,直接影响思想政治教育的接受成效。     

论高校环境设施个性化设计

通过对高校环境设施的分类及影响高校环境设施设计因素的分析，探讨了高校环境设施个性化设计的原则。     

试论个性对普通院校大学生体育行为的影响

体育行为既受行为个体生理、心理特点的制约,同时也受社会文化环境、经济状况的影响.大学生行为更多是“随意运动”,如何把握大学生体育行为现状,分析影响大学生体育行为的主要因素,进而采取有效的干预措施,是当今亟需研究解决的重要课题.从大学生的个性出发,对当前我国普通高校大学生体育行为现状进行分析,探索其特征,提出一些合理化建议,为普通高校体育课程改革提供参考.     

论视觉识别系统VIS设计的同一性和差异性原则

视觉识别系统VIS是以企业标志为核心,通过与色彩、文字、图案等视觉元素的有机组合而建立的具备明显识别特征、审美价值和象征意义的符号系统。在VIS基础系统开发时充分贯彻差异性设计理念有利于企业形象脱颖而出,获得社会关注;而在VIS运用系统设计及实施过程中遵循同一性原则,更可以将有限的宣传资源在无限的市场空间内相对集中,通过不断强化而产生足够的形象影响力,实现企业形象塑造的价值。差异性和同一性原则是开发设计与实施VIS的基本原则。     

体育教学中学生的特殊个性与对策

针对当前学校体育课中学生存在的一些特殊情况，分析其形成原因，提出解决办法及在解决过程中应遵循的几个原则，以便更好地组织体育课教学。     

Digital inclusion of people with disabilities: a qualitative study of intra-disability diversity in the digital realm

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an in-depth study of intra-disability diversity in the digital realm and the related role of individuality and selectiveness in the digital choices and experiences of people with disabilities (PwD). The study adopts the interactionist model of disability and problematises conceptual uniformity in research that focuses on the medical and socially-constructed features of disability as those determining digital constraints and affordances for PwD. Through primary qualitative evidence, it argues that individuality and selectiveness shape a complex terrain of intra-disability diversity, which forms the nuances and experiences of digital inclusion for PwD. Thus, it invites researchers to move beyond disability-fixed categorisations and offers a 3-tier recommendation for future research to explain the range of PwD’ perceptions and experiences in the digital realm.     

大学个性与高等教育资源配置的关系刍议之一：西方历史视域

大学个性与高等教育资源配置是有着密切联系的两个概念。本文以时间为线索，具体分析了中世纪大学、洪堡时代的德国大学、美国的“赠地学院”等西方教育史典型时段中大学个性与高等教育资源配置的动态性关系，认为西方大学的大学个性主要体现在大学自治及学术自由，而高等教育资源以制度赋予形式为主。     

促使消极"个性"向积极"个性"转化

从人的个性化角度出发,分析了高职院校学生个性化的现状及特点,并从课堂教学和学生管理两个方面进行论述.笔者认为,促使消极"个性"向积极"个性"转化,必须从任课教师的课堂教学、班主任班风建设和院系学生管理工作三方面入手,并相应提出了转化消极个性的针对性措施.