When Teachers' and Parents' Values Differ: Teachers' Ratings of Academic Competence in Children From Low-Income Families.

The authors examined predictors of teachers' ratings of academic competence of 105 kindergarten children from low-income families. Teachers rated target children's expected competence in literacy and math and completed questions about their perceptions of congruence-dissonance between themselves and the child's parents regarding education-related values. Independent examiners assessed children's literacy and math skills. Teachers' instructional styles were observed and rated along dimensions of curriculum-centered and student-centered practices. Controlling for children's skills and socioeconomic status, teachers rated children as less competent when they perceived value differences with parents. These patterns were stronger for teachers who exhibited curriculum-centered, rather than student-centered, practices. The findings suggest a mechanism by which some children from low-income families enter a path of diminished expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

特殊教育幼儿园中的导视系统设计分析简

随着我国越来越重视对特殊需要儿童的教育,特殊儿童幼儿园的人性化设计也成为了近几年热门的设计方向。导视系统的设计在特殊儿童幼儿园中起着非常重要的作用,完善的导视系统设计能够创造人性化的特殊教育幼儿园环境、儿童主体意识的确立和强化、对特殊儿童意愿需求的尊重和理解。同时,也能够让特殊教育儿童在使用中感到非常方便、自然。本文旨在构建功能合理的、具有人情味的、准确体现环境意象的导视系统设计,并且通过优秀的导视系统设计提高儿童在空间内行动的便捷性和安全性,提高空间环境使用的品质。     

幼儿园儿童餐具设计安全性思考

目的给幼儿园儿童餐饮安全环境提供合理性建议。方法以幼儿园儿童餐具现状分析为主线,结合儿童的生理与心理特点,思考幼儿园儿童餐具安全性设计原则,分析幼儿园儿童餐具中所存在的安全隐患。结论结合相关安全性理论,能在最大程度上改进目前所存在的问题,最终保障儿童在幼儿园场所能够更好地学习和生活。     

北京市907名学龄前儿童家长营养知信行现况研究

目的:调查评价北京市学龄前儿童家长营养知信行(KAP)水平,为幼儿园建立科学有效的营养教育模式提供依据和参考。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法选取北京市4所一级一类幼儿园共907名家长,采用问卷的方式开展营养KAP现况调查。结果:家庭收入、学历、职业、培训对家长的营养知信行水平影响显著(P<0.05)。家长营养知识得分的及格率为86.87%,对营养知识的掌握程度不同,知识结构需要完善。营养教育培训显著影响家长的营养知识和行为(P<0.05),但对家长营养态度的影响不明显(P>0.05)。家长的营养知、信、行三者之间相关性都不强,不具一致性。90%以上的幼儿家长对于营养教育持积极态度,希望自己和幼儿接受营养教育,同时也希望幼儿园和国家积极开展营养教育及儿童营养保障工作。     

幼儿园装饰设计思考

作为幼儿的启蒙教育场所,幼儿园的环境对幼儿的身心健康成长影响重大.文章分析了幼儿园场所的特定性,幼儿园装饰中需要注意的事项,提出了幼儿园装饰要促进幼儿身心健康成长的观点.     

Longitudinal predictors of reading and math trajectories through middle school for African American versus Caucasian students across two samples.

This study's primary purpose was to examine the relative contribution of social-behavioral predictors to reading and math skills. The study expands on Duncan et al.'s (2007) work by using longitudinal methodology from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Study of Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS-K) databases, and by focusing on potential differences in patterns of early predictors of later reading and math trajectories for African American versus Caucasian students. Predictor measures were selected at kindergarten, and the outcomes included standardized reading and math scores obtained from Grades 1, 3, 5, and 9 for the SECCYD sample, and Grades 3, 5, and 8 for the ECLS-K sample. Consistent with Duncan et al.'s findings, results reflect the relative contributions of early reading and math skills to later functioning in these respective academic domains for both samples, and there are indications for the importance of early expressive language skills to both reading and math in the SECCYD sample. Findings related to the power of social-behavioral predictors, however, are not consistent across samples. Although the SECCYD sample evidenced no such predictors, several interactions in the ECLS-K sample suggested the moderating effects of early ratings of aggressive behaviors and internalizing behaviors on later reading and math for African American students. The moderating effects of early teacher ratings of attention and internalizing behaviors for African American students as compared with Caucasian students in later math growth also were noted. The importance of early social-behavioral functions as related to later academic skills remains an important area of inquiry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Is reading important in reading-readiness programs? A randomized field trial with teachers as program implementers.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of phonological awareness training, with and without a beginning decoding component. 33 teachers in 8 urban schools were assigned randomly within their schools to 3 groups: control, phonological awareness training, and phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction and practice. Following training, teachers in the 2 treatment groups conducted the treatments for about 20 wks. In each teacher's class, pre- and posttreatment data were collected on 12–14 children (N?=?404); 312 children were tested again the following fall. At the end of kindergarten, the 2 treatment groups performed comparably and outperformed controls on the phonological awareness measures. On alphabetic (reading and spelling) tasks, however, the group participating in phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction did better than the other 2 groups. In the fall of the next year, many of these between-group differences remained but were less impressive. Implications are discussed for bridging research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children’s Parks in Lisbon’s urban spaces: a childhood education and assistance programme during the Portuguese dictatorial regime (1933–1974)

This article deals with how a female member of the elite from the period of the Portuguese dictatorial regime (1933–1974) used Lisbon’s gardens to implement a free childhood education and assistance programme for poor children – the Children’s Parks programme. The Children’s Parks were located in some of Lisbon’s most attractive gardens, housed in pavilions that were directly connected to outdoor spaces. These spaces responded to the educational purposes of the programme, based on the importance of leisure and play activities in outdoor spaces and linked to children’s moral, social, and physical development. In considering the living conditions experienced by children within the context of the Portuguese dictatorship, and by highlighting the way in which these were reflected at the level of architecture and the urban space, the paper seeks to contribute towards an understanding of the place of the child in the history of architecture and urbanism. Besides reflecting the social and educational identity of the project, the urban and architectural settings of the programme were crucial for its success. The interpretation of this case provides a basis for reflecting on the historical and current significance of children’s spaces, and for examining a number of social, educational, architectural, and urban questions.     

Kinder training: Play-based consultation to improve the school adjustment of discouraged kindergarten and first grade students.

Examined the effects of Kinder Training on selected kindergarten and first grade students' behavior, social skills, and early literacy skills, as well as its effects on teacher behavior in the classroom. Kinder Training involves the teacher in play sessions with a child who is exhibiting discouragement in the classroom. The participants in this study included 7 kindergarten teachers, 4 kindergarten paraprofessionals, 3 first grade teachers, and their 14 selected students (median age 5 yrs, 9 mo). The teacher conducts play sessions while receiving supervision from a counselor, learning skills that are both appropriate for the playroom and valuable for the classroom. As a result of the play sessions, the teacher–student relationship is enhanced, the student feels more encouraged in the classroom, and the teacher transfers the newly obtained skills to his or her work with other students. This transfer included an increase in facilitative statements, encouragement, and limit-setting. Additionally, the teachers decreased the number of praise statements and ineffective limit-setting. The results suggest that Kinder Training is an effective intervention for struggling students and a successful proactive approach for teacher skill development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于幼儿园建筑活动空间设计问题的分析

对于幼儿来讲,幼儿园的建筑空间是他们在日常活动中重要的组成部分,建筑空间不仅能够对幼儿的生活起到至关重要的作用,而且在教育中也有着深远的影响,这就要求我们要在更深层的意义上去分析幼儿园建筑活动空间的设计问题。