全文获取类型
收费全文 | 66075篇 |
免费 | 10371篇 |
国内免费 | 7054篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 3153篇 |
综合类 | 5917篇 |
化学工业 | 7891篇 |
金属工艺 | 1816篇 |
机械仪表 | 4541篇 |
建筑科学 | 1514篇 |
矿业工程 | 739篇 |
能源动力 | 8241篇 |
轻工业 | 3814篇 |
水利工程 | 356篇 |
石油天然气 | 714篇 |
武器工业 | 572篇 |
无线电 | 13210篇 |
一般工业技术 | 6391篇 |
冶金工业 | 1132篇 |
原子能技术 | 546篇 |
自动化技术 | 22953篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 438篇 |
2023年 | 1512篇 |
2022年 | 3158篇 |
2021年 | 3726篇 |
2020年 | 2852篇 |
2019年 | 2493篇 |
2018年 | 2101篇 |
2017年 | 2689篇 |
2016年 | 2668篇 |
2015年 | 2951篇 |
2014年 | 4249篇 |
2013年 | 4275篇 |
2012年 | 5118篇 |
2011年 | 5888篇 |
2010年 | 4780篇 |
2009年 | 4483篇 |
2008年 | 4663篇 |
2007年 | 4726篇 |
2006年 | 3846篇 |
2005年 | 3294篇 |
2004年 | 2610篇 |
2003年 | 2044篇 |
2002年 | 1691篇 |
2001年 | 1350篇 |
2000年 | 1041篇 |
1999年 | 820篇 |
1998年 | 705篇 |
1997年 | 614篇 |
1996年 | 477篇 |
1995年 | 387篇 |
1994年 | 330篇 |
1993年 | 282篇 |
1992年 | 226篇 |
1991年 | 174篇 |
1990年 | 159篇 |
1989年 | 123篇 |
1988年 | 101篇 |
1987年 | 63篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 72篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 50篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1960年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1951年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
We report a simple processing method to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDOT:PSS), widely used as hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs, tends to accelerate the degradation of devices because of its hygroscopic and acidic properties. In this regard, we have modified PEDOT:PSS to reduce its hygroscopic and acidic properties through a condensation reaction between PEDOT:PSS and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) in order to improve the efficiency and stability of OSCs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased by 21%, from 2.57% up to 3.11%. A better energy level alignment by the reduced work function of the modified PEDOT:PSS with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is considered the origin of the improved the efficiency. The half-life of OSCs with PEDOT:PSS modified with PEGME buffer layer also increased up to 3.5 times compared to that of devices with pristine PEDOT:PSS buffer layer. 相似文献
3.
Klaus Reinhardt Hans Georg Breunig Aisada Uchugonova Karsten K?nig 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(110)
We explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. The autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, was consistent with the presence of flavins and NAD(P)H. The mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τm = 1.54–1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm storage organ (tau m, τm = 1.26–2.00 ns). The fluorescence lifetime histograms revealed four peaks. These peaks (0.18, 0.92, 2.50 and 3.80 ns) suggest the presence of NAD(P)H and flavins and show that sperm metabolism can be characterized using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The difference in fluorescence lifetime variation between the sexes is consistent with the notion that female animals alter the metabolism of sperm cells during storage. It is not consistent, however, with the idea that sperm metabolism represents a sexually selected character that provides females with information about the male genotype. 相似文献
4.
Towards a Better Prediction of Cell Settling on Nanostructure Arrays—Simple Means to Complicated Ends 下载免费PDF全文
Nina Buch‐Månson Sara Bonde Jessica Bolinsson Trine Berthing Jesper Nygård Karen L. Martinez 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(21):3246-3255
Vertical arrays of nanostructures (NSs) are emerging as promising platforms for probing and manipulating live mammalian cells. The broad range of applications requires different types of interfaces, but cell settling on NS arrays is not yet fully controlled and understood. Cells are both seen to deform completely into NS arrays and to stay suspended like tiny fakirs, which have hitherto been explained with differences in NS spacing or density. Here, a better understanding of this phenomenon is provided by using a model that takes into account the extreme membrane deformation needed for a cell to settle into a NS array. It is shown that, in addition to the NS density, cell settling depends strongly on the dimensions of the single NS, and that the settling can be predicted for a given NS array geometry. The predictive power of the model is confirmed by experiments and good agreement with cases from the literature. Furthermore, the influence of cell‐related parameters is evaluated theoretically and a generic method of tuning cell settling through surface coating is demonstrated experimentally. These findings allow a more rational design of NS arrays for the numerous exciting biological applications where the mode of cell settling is crucial. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, a model taking into account the effects of carrier loss mechanisms has been developed. The model simulates the photovoltaic properties of the graphene/n-type silicon Schottky barrier solar cells (G/n-Si_SBSC), and it can reproduce the experimentally determined parameters of the G/n-Si_SBSC. To overcome the low efficiencies of G/n-Si_SBSC, their performances have been optimized by modifying the work function of graphene and Si properties, accounted for variation of its thickness and doping level. The obtained results show that the work function of graphene has the major impact on the device performance. Also, the temperature dependence of the G/n-Si_SBSC performance is investigated. 相似文献
6.
Textured surface is commonly used to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by reducing the overall reflectance and improving the light scattering. In this study, a comparison between isotropic and anisotropic etching methods was investigated. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratio are proposed for better light trapping with low reflectance in crystalline silicon solar cells. The anisotropic metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) was used to form the funnel shaped structures with various aspect ratios. The funnel shaped structures showed an average reflectance of 14.75% while it was 15.77% for the pillar shaped structures. The average reflectance was further reduced to 9.49% using deep funnel shaped structures with an aspect ratio of 1:1.18. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratios can be employed for high performance of crystalline silicon solar cells. 相似文献
7.
A new matching cost computation method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) for stereo image matching is proposed in this paper. Firstly, stereo image is decomposed into high frequency sub-band images at different scales and along different directions by NSCT. Secondly, by utilizing coefficients in high frequency domain and grayscales in RGB color space, the computation model of weighted matching cost between two pixels is designed based on the gestalt laws. Lastly, two types of experiments are carried out with standard stereopairs in the Middlebury benchmark. One of the experiments is to confirm optimum values of NSCT scale and direction parameters, and the other is to compare proposed matching cost with nine known matching costs. Experimental results show that the optimum values of scale and direction parameters are respectively 2 and 3, and the matching accuracy of the proposed matching cost is twice higher than that of traditional NCC cost. 相似文献
8.
介绍如何利用AutoCAD开发适合电气专业使用的CAD系统,通过编制电气CAD的功能菜单,构造电气元件库,增强CAD的专业性能。编制电气CAD可以有效地统一本单位电气制图标准,方便电气工程师使用CAD进行专业设计。 相似文献
9.
在实际应用中常常需要将人像从照片的背景中有效地分割出来,通常的做法是通过提取照片中人像各部分特征来实现分割,其缺陷是计算复杂度较大,分割效果受各种干扰因素影响很大。现提出了一种基于主体外部轮廓信息的照片分割算法,通过梯度锐化、边缘保护、临近像素点相似度比较来确定图像的边界,该算法对于具有相对均匀背景的照片具有较高的计算效率。 相似文献
10.
本文提出了一种基于信息融合的物体三维特征的提取方法,该方法利用两幅互相配准的三维测距图像和灰度图像,来提取多面体的三维特征。首先,通过分析灰度图像中的灰度变化及测距图像中的测距值变化,分别求取各自图像中物体的特征点及特征边;然后,利用两配准图像之间的对应关系,求得所有特征点、面与多边形在三维测距图像中的三维表示;接着,通过分析三维测距图像中所测得的各候选平面上特定点与边处的曲率及法向,验证候选平面 相似文献