Housing Tenure: Pacific Families in New Zealand

Home ownership has been associated with health, social and economic benefits. However, a decline in ownership has been observed over the past decade in New Zealand. Minority groups, including Pacific people, have been disadvantaged in the housing sector. This study investigated housing tenure and the relationship between tenure and health among mothers of a birth cohort of Pacific children in New Zealand. Findings showed that most families lived in state or private rental accommodation with few (15.4 per cent) owning their own homes. Homeowners were more likely to be older, partnered and have higher incomes. Better mental health was observed for homeowners compared to renters. Findings can inform housing and public health policy for Pacific families.     

环境资源负外部性与产权理论的新进展

环境资源共有产权的特性使得社会成员只能通过自身感知和理解确定对环境资源的产权边界，并且产权的实施是非排他的，所以与环境资源有关的负外部性较其他具有直接因果关系的外部性特殊。在治理这类负外部性的过程中，产权理论也有了新的发展。本文从分析环境资源产权的特殊性入手，对于产权弱化、产权分割、创建新产权和自愿合作基础上认知产权调整等负外部性内部化理论进行了分析。     

Institutions and the supply of oil: A case study of Russia

In new institutional economics, the variance in institutions explains differences in cross-country output per capita. Institutions may also explain how the supply of oil is affected within oil-producing countries. For example in the early 1970s, as nominal oil prices increased from $3 per barrel to $11 per barrel, a number of OPEC oil producers changed the institutional environment by nationalizing their oil production and putting under government control all petroleum-related capital and infrastructure. This affected oil supplies. Similar institutional changes may be happening again now that oil prices are rising. In particular, the newly democratic Russia may be following the same path. The Russian government has already effectively taken over control of much of the oil production capacity in the country and is still heavily involved in natural gas production. In this paper, we will look at the Russian upstream oil industry as it changed from central planning to a market-oriented sector and is now swaying toward re-nationalization. Some of the laws and institutional transitions will be detailed in order to elucidate what has taken place.     

我国海域资源产权制度解析

海域资源产权最基本的权能为海域所有权和海域使用权。早期,我国海域资源产权制度是所有权和使用权不分,产权不清,导致早期海域使用出现＂无序、无度、无偿＂。随着人们对海洋价值认识的进一步深化,海洋开发不断增强,国家逐步开展海域行政许可和有偿使用制度,海域所有权和海域使用权实行分离机制,海域所有权和海域使用权的关系得以理顺,海域资源产权分离机制是我国海域管理工作的重大进步。在海域管理实践中,需要不断巩固和完善这种机制,以促进海域资源的保值和增值。     

An innovative technique for web text watermarking (AITW)

ABSTRACT

Embedding a hidden stream of bits in a cover file to prevent illegal use is called digital watermarking. The cover file could be a text, image, video, or audio. In this study, we propose invisible watermarking based on the text included in a webpage. Watermarks are based on predefined structural and syntactic rules, which are encrypted and then converted into zero-width control characters using binary model classification before embedding into a webpage. This concept means that HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used as a cover file to embed the hashed and transparent zero-width watermarks. We have implemented the proposed invisible watermarking against various attacks to reach optimum robustness.     

Smart Client技术实现林权证管理系统的离线应用

林权证管理系统对于提高林权证管理的效率和科学性具有重要意义。对当前林权证管理系统存在的问题进行了分析,提出采用Smart Client技术进行林权证管理系统的开发,分析了离线状态下林权证办理的实现技术,为保障林权证业务的正常开展提供了一个有效途径。     

论城市土地的依法经营

从法与经济结合的角度,论述了城市土地经营的内容,对象,性质,经营模式和投资方式,分析了城市土地的依法经营问题。     

基于所有权总成本的供应商选择

在回顾国内外学者对供应商评价研究的基础上,结合所有权总成本的概念的最新发展提出了基于所有权总成本的供应商选择的方法,认为该方法具有低成本,简单易用且科学客观的优点.最后结合算例进行了说明.     

国有企业改革中解决政府与企业关系的理论方法

结合国有企业改革实际，从理论上分析了改革时存在的问题，并从管理技术上提出了政府企业管理的数学模型和方法，这对解决政府与企业关系有重要意义。     

如何完善我国农村集体土地所有权制度的思考

农地问题是“三农”问题中最为基础和关键的一个问题。要想解决中国农村的社会问题,农村土地问题是一个立足点,而完善农村土地法律制度、规范农村土地法律则是解决农村土地问题的切入点。通过剖析我国现行农村土地所有权制度存在的问题,就如何完善农村土地所有权制度提出建议,为我国农村土地法律制度的研究提供一些理论基础,为完善我国农村土地法律制度提供一点思路。