Sex Pheromone Components in Defense of Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Against Asian House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus

The Asian house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, after being acclimatized to feeding on the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, consumed fewer numbers of 15-day-old (DO) and older male melon flies compared to sexually immature flies 10 DO and younger. The first male melon fly that performed mating did so on the 10th day after eclosion (DAE), but >80% of the males performed their first mating between 10 and 15 DAE. This confirmed that between 10 and 15 DAE most male melon flies are already sexually mature and producing sex pheromone. Synthetic 1,3-nonanediol, a component of male melon fly sex pheromone produced endogenously, when topically applied onto the thorax of housefly Musca domestica at ca. 80 or 320 ng/fly, reduced consumption by geckos compared with untreated flies in subsequent days after the first day in a four-day feeding test. Raspberry ketone (RK) is consumed and sequestered into the pheromonal gland and later released as a pheromonal component of male melon fly. Houseflies topically treated with 2.6 g RK/fly did not deter predation by geckos. However, houseflies treated with 5.1 g RK/fly caused geckos to consume fewer flies, especially on the third and fourth days during a four-day feeding test, compared with the period when they were offered untreated flies.     

红树莓叶片中黄酮类物质提取及抗氧化性的研究

以小浆果果树红树毒叶片为实验材料，利用分光光度法测定其总黄酮含量，并采用烘箱贮存法研究了不同添加量红树毒叶片提取物粗黄酮在猪油中的抗氧化性。结果表明：鲜样中红树毒叶片总黄酮含量是278．73mg／100g，干样中是533．71mg／100g；红树毒叶片提取物粗黄酮对猪油有一定的抗氧化作用，并随添加量的增加而增强；增效剂以(柠檬酸)对红树毒叶片提取物粗黄酮无增效作用，而Vc具有一定的增效作用。抗氧化活性顺序为：0．02％槲皮素＞0．02％PG＞0．02％BHT＞0．4％粗黄酮＞0．05％粗黄酮 0．05％Vc＞0．2％粗黄酮＞0.1％粗黄酮＞0．05％粗黄酮＞0．02％粗黄酮＞0．05％粗黄酮 0．05％CA＞对照。     

大蒜提取液对新鲜树莓保鲜效果的影响

为保持树莓果实贮藏品质,延长保鲜期,本文以树莓品种‘Festival’为试材,研究不同浓度大蒜提取液对树莓果实的保鲜效果。试验采用浓度为60、90、120、150 mg/mL的大蒜提取液对树莓进行浸泡处理,并模拟超市售卖时的环境条件贮藏于温度为4 ℃,相对湿度为90%的恒温恒湿箱中,分析贮藏期间果实的菌落总数、腐烂率、硬度、营养品质、感官品质、丙二醛（MDA）含量、货架期等指标的变化。结果表明:大蒜提取液具有显著的保鲜效果,能较好抑制微生物的生长繁殖,降低腐烂率,维持较高硬度,减少营养物质损失,降低MDA的生成量,提高感官品质,延长保鲜期;综合比较分析可知,4种处理浓度中,120 mg/mL的大蒜提取液保鲜效果最好,无异味残留,处理后使货架期延长了6.4 d。因此,120 mg/mL的大蒜提取液能很好地保持树莓果实的贮藏品质,在树莓绿色生成中具有一定的应用潜力。     

树莓叶黄酮类物质提取工艺条件优化

采用单因素实验和正交实验,研究微波提取法提取树莓叶中的黄酮类物质最佳提取工艺条件,结果表明：微波提取法提取树莓叶中总黄酮的最佳提取条件为：提取时间3min,料液比1g：40mL,乙醇体积浓度50％,功率250W,得率为5．81％。     

树莓澄清果汁的加工工艺

研究了红树莓澄清果汁的加工工艺,酶解处理的酶用量,酶解温度,酶解时间的单因素试验以及酶用量,酶解时间和红树莓品种的正交优化试验表明,树莓果浆经酶解后,出汁率有较大提高,果汁澄清度也较好。最佳酶处理条件为加酶量3.5‰,酶处理温度45℃,时间4h;在所试验的3个品种中,维拉米综合指标最好,表现为出汁率高,可溶性固形物,总糖,VC含量均较高;树莓汁调配时一般不需加酸,只需补充糖即可达到较好的口感风味。     

红树莓色素的定性鉴定及提取工艺研究

采用定性鉴别的方法判断红树莓色素的主要成分,并通过单因素试验确定提取红树莓色素的条件。溶解性和颜色反应结果表明,红树莓色素的主要成分为花色苷。提取红树莓色素的适宜条件为:红树莓匀浆液以3%的盐酸水溶液为提取溶剂,以1∶15(g/mL)的料液比在60℃水浴中浸提60 min,提取2次,在此条件下,每克鲜果中红树莓花色苷的提取量可达0.718 mg。     

高压CO_2对树莓汁品质的影响

研究了高压二氧化碳(High Pressure Carbon Dioxide,HPCD)对树莓汁品质的影响。处理条件为:压强10、20、30MPa,温度35、45、55℃,时间15、30、45、60min。测定其浊度、褐变指数、悬浮稳定性、pH、可溶性固形物含量和色泽。处理后样品褐变指数降低,浊度和悬浮稳定性增加,pH、可溶性固形物含量和色泽没有显著变化。     

Changes of hydrogen peroxide and radical-scavenging activity of raspberry during osmotic, convective, and freeze-drying

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different drying treatments on antioxidant (AO) activity and phenolic content of raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cultivar Willamette. Whole raspberry fruits were dried convectively (air-drying), osmotically, and freeze-dried. Acetone-water extracts of fresh and dried raspberries were assessed for total phenolic content by standard Folin-Ciocalteau method. Two AO assays were applied, a recently developed direct current (DC) polarographic assay based on decrease of anodic oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide and widely used radical scavenge against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Strong correlation has been obtained between both AO assays and total phenolic content. In addition, some individual phenolic compounds present in raspberry have been assessed using DPPH and DC polarographic assay. Comparison and evaluation of drying methods has been based on preservation of AO activity and total phenolic content. Obtained results confirmed superiority of freeze-drying; convective drying caused slight changes while osmotic dehydration showed a significant decrease of phenolic compounds and AO activity.     

三波长紫外分光法测定覆盆子黄酮的研究

以单波长紫外分光光度法测定覆盆子黄酮类化合物为基础,建立了三波长法定量测定覆盆子黄酮类化合物,经验证该法能有效消除杂质对定量测定的影响,平均加样回收率达到101.40％,加样回收标准偏差为2.29％,稳定性试验相对标准偏差4.90％,该方法便捷、准确,适合于覆盆子黄酮提取分离工艺探讨中快速检测黄酮含量.     

Effect of raspberry pomace extracts isolated by high pressure extraction on the quality and shelf‐life of beef burgers

Raspberry pomace extracts isolated with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCE) and pressurised ethanol/water (ETE) were tested in beef burgers. Only ETE additives effectively inhibited lipid oxidation and the growth of microorganisms, as it was observed by measuring the changes of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, bacterial counts and the content of O₂ and CO₂ during storage in the modified atmosphere package. ETE additives also demonstrated some meat colour preservation effects, which were assessed by the intensity of hamburger colour and metmyoglobin concentration. However, ETE additives did not alter burger's taste at the applied concentrations (up to 1%). It may be concluded that the most effective extracts possessing strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity may be isolated from raspberry pomace by the pressurised liquid extraction with a hydroethanolic solvent; such extracts may be considered as promising additives in meat products for improving their stability and enriching with beneficial to health phytochemicals.