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1.
Job rotation is defined as workers rotating between tasks with different exposure levels and occupational demands. The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors for the development of upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDs) in poultry slaughterhouse workers as well as compare the score of the OCRA Checklist in different organizational working conditions. In this cross-sectional study, 118 workers were involved, 68 women (32.3 ± 10.7 years) and 50 men (29.5 ± 10.5 years). Three organizational configurations (“without job rotation”, “with job rotation – tasks >1h” and “with job rotation - tasks <1h”) were evaluated using the OCRA Checklist method, totaling 36 tasks and 28 job rotation schemes composed of 2–3 tasks. The OCRA score of the right upper limbs (17.8 ± 3.2) was significantly higher (p = 0.046) relative to the left upper limbs (16.4 ± 3.6). The median score was significantly lower in the “with job rotation - tasks <1h” condition (18.6) when compared to the “job rotation – tasks >1h” (19.4) (p < 0.001) and the “without job rotation” (19.0) (p = 0.038) conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the condition “with job rotation - tasks >1h” and “without job rotation” (p = 0.155). Thus, job rotations with intervals <1h reduced the risk of developing UL-WMSDs. Job rotations with <1 h intervals in poultry slaughterhouses are recommended along with further studies to verify the effectiveness of rotations with more than two tasks, involving mild or non-repetitive tasks. 相似文献
2.
Specialized varieties of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) may be an eligible feedstock for advanced biofuel designation under the USA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. These non-food industrial beets could double ethanol production per hectare compared to alternative feedstocks. A mixed-integer mathematical programming model was constructed to determine the breakeven price of ethanol produced from industrial beets, and to determine the optimal size and biorefinery location. The model, based on limited field data, evaluates Southern Plains beet production in a 3-year crop rotation, and beet harvest, transportation, and processing. The optimal strategy depends critically on several assumptions including a just-in-time harvest and delivery system that remains to be tested in field trials. Based on a wet beet to ethanol conversion rate of 110 dm3 Mg−1 and capital cost of 128 M$ for a 152 dam3 y−1 biorefinery, the estimated breakeven ethanol price was 507 $ m−3. The average breakeven production cost of corn (Zea mays L.) grain ethanol ranged from 430 to 552 $ m−3 based on average net corn feedstock cost of 254 and 396 $ m−3 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated net beet ethanol delivered cost of 207 $ m−3 was lower than the average net corn feedstock cost of 254–396$ m−3 in 2013 and 2014. If for a mature industry, the cost to process beets was equal to the cost to process corn, the beet breakeven ethanol price would be $387 m-3 (587 $ m−3 gasoline equivalent). 相似文献
3.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(1):112-118
Improving piezoelectric performance is always favorable to further enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of piezoelectric devices. Here, a complex piezoelectric system of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Hf0.1Ti0.9)O3 is designed and investigated in detail. Optimized piezoelectric response of ~ 880 pC/N is achieved at the composition of 0.51PNN-0.09PYN-0.40PHT. The characterization of TEM and In-situ high-energy synchrotron diffraction indicate that nanodomain growth and microdomain switching occurs in succession at around coercive electric field. Most interestingly, the coexisted tetragonal and rhombohedral-like phase transforms into multiple monoclinic-like phases with polarization vectors aligned as close to the electric field direction as possible under the strong electric field. The enhanced polarization instability in this complex morphotropic phase boundary sample should be ascribed to the strong local heterogeneity. The novel polarization rotation behavior found in this work would be important guidance for designing high-performance piezoceramics. 相似文献
4.
A novel dual-rotation bobbin tool friction stir welding (DBT-FSW) was developed, in which the upper shoulder (US) and lower shoulder (LS) have different rotational speeds. This process was tried to weld 3.2 mm thick aluminum-lithium alloy sheets. The metallographic analysis and torque measurement were carried out to characterize the weld formability. Experimental results show that compared to conventional bobbin tool friction stir welding, the DBT-FSW has an excellent process stability, and can produce the defect-free joints in a wider range of welding parameters. These can be attributed to the significant improvement of material flow caused by the formation of a staggered layer structure and the unbalanced force between the US and LS during the DBT-FSW process. 相似文献
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The magnetization of a melt-texture growth (MTG) HTSC ring has been studied. It is shown that the magnetic field inside the ring is larger than the external field under a certain range of external magnetic fields. We have also investigated the magnetic field dependence of the response of a detective coil near a rotating superconducting ring. The responses of the MTG sample are different for different cooling methods. 相似文献
8.
Banded textures produced in a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer by shearing between glass slides are examined by using both transmission electron and polarized light microscopy. The periodic variation in director orientation about the shear axis, as measured by light microscopy, is shown to be distinctly different from that indicated by electron diffraction. Measurements of birefringence and observation of Zernicke phase contrast indicate periodic variations in optical properties of the polymer, in step with the bands. Such effects are accounted for in terms of a synchronous rotation of the planar aromatic groups about the molecular chain axes. Evidence for an out-of-plane component of molecular orientation is also presented. 相似文献
9.
布里奇曼法生长碲镉汞晶体的固液界面形态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中综述了布里奇曼法及加速坩埚旋转技术的布里奇曼法生工碲镉汞晶体过程中固液界面形态的研究结果,简单讨论了固液界面形态对组分分布的影响,并将两种技术所得的组分分布结果进行了比较,在分析影响固液界面形态因素的基础上,认为加速坩埚旋转技术是目前改善固液界面形态的有效方法。 相似文献
10.
Al,Ga取代Bi:DyIG薄膜的磁和磁光特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道用热分解法在玻璃衬底上制备了Al和Ga取代的Bi:DYIG薄膜,对其磁和磁光特性做了详细研究.Al和Ga取代的薄膜均可获得好的矩形比和高的矫顽力.对于Bi1.2Dy1.8Fe5-xMXO12(M=A1,GZ)薄膜,A1和G2的最佳替代成份分别为1.0和G.7;最佳晶化温度分别为700o℃和675℃.在波长510nm附近,法拉第旋转角可达8°/um左右.光学吸收和品质因子的研究结果表明,Al和Ga取代能够影响光学吸收和品质因子,其中Ga取代对光学吸收和品质因子的影响较大. 相似文献