1978年前我国高校工农阶层子女入学优惠政策研究

从高校招生的演变历史看，中国在1978年以前对工农阶层子女实行高校入学优惠政策主要源于国家对这一阶层的特殊偏好而实行平均主义分配政策所致。国家通过报考资格政策、优先录取政策和免试推荐入学政策人为地大幅度提高了工农阶层子女在高校大学生中所占的比例。从公平视角看，这项政策不仅违背了公平原则，而且降低了人才选拔的质量。     

随钻气侵检测仪在胜利油田的应用

简要介绍了随钻气侵检测仪的结构特点、工作原理、现场模拟试验及应用情况。中原油田全尺寸实验井和胜利油田６口井的现场试验及应用结果表明，该仪器能实现早期气侵检测，比常规方法检测到气侵的时间明显提前，对高压气井和复杂地层井控具有重要的现实意义。     

Wastewater reuse and exposure to Legionella organisms

Eight hundred and fifty-two (852) blood sera were drawn in 1980 and 1981 from populations residing in 30 agricultural settlements (having a total population of 16,240). These sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against 15 different antigens of Legionella species (L. pneumophila serogroups 1–8 and seven other Legionella, i.e. bozemanii, gormanii, micdadei, jordanis, dumoffii, longbeacheae and oakridgensis). The results indicate a significant (P < 0.02) excess in the percentage of sera positive for L. pneumophila (serogroups 1–8) among sewage and non-sewage irrigation and fish pond workers as compared to the control group (4.5% vs 1.5%). For the other Legionella species, there was no difference among the above groups. The isolation of L. pneumophila serogroup 4 and five organisms resembling Legionella spp from one oxidation pond used for irrigation strengthens the seroepidemiological findings.     

Neck pain prevalence and associated occupational factors in Portuguese office workers

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of neck pain and to identify associated occupational factors in Portuguese office workers.BackgroundThere is still necessary to quantify the association of the use of new technologies with neck pain in office workers.MethodsSix hundred-and-one office workers completed online questionnaires with questions related to anthropometric parameters, work-related variables, workstation setup, and musculoskeletal pain from the Portuguese version of the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of neck pain was 56.1%. An average of 35.6% of the office workers with neck pain reported pain in more than three body segments. The significantly risk factors were “age between 50 and 65” [OR: 1.92 (1.26–2.91) P = 0.002], “working without break for 2 h” [OR: 1.82 (1.00–3.31) P = 0.05], “more than 3 h” [OR: 2.41 (1.35–4.10) P = 0.003], screen localization not centered” [OR: 2.01 (1.01–4.00) P = 0.045], and “use of computer mouse more than 50% of the worktime” [OR: 2.05 (1.14–3.71) P = 0.017].ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of neck pain and a considerable number of painful body segments in office workers. Age, working without break, screen localization and the use of computer mouse where the significant risk factors associated with the development of neck pain.Relevance to industryA high prevalence of neck pain and number of areas with pain in office workers require a detailed pain mechanism assessment. There were associated occupational risk factors for the development of neck pain. Call for concerted actions to explore optimal and efficient management plans.     

Gerontechnology acceptance by elderly Hong Kong Chinese: a senior technology acceptance model (STAM)

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a senior technology acceptance model (STAM) aimed at understanding the acceptance of gerontechnology by older Hong Kong Chinese people. The proposed STAM extended previous technology acceptance models and theories by adding age-related health and ability characteristics of older people. The proposed STAM was empirically tested using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with a sample of 1012 seniors aged 55 and over in Hong Kong. The result showed that STAM was strongly supported and could explain 68% of the variance in the use of gerontechnology. For older Hong Kong Chinese, individual attributes, which include age, gender, education, gerontechnology self-efficacy and anxiety, and health and ability characteristics, as well as facilitating conditions explicitly and directly affected technology acceptance. These were better predictors of gerontechnology usage behaviour (UB) than the conventionally used attitudinal factors (usefulness and ease of use).

Practitioner Summary: Previous studies have not given much consideration to age-related health and associated abilities when examining acceptance of technology by the ageing population. By encompassing conventional technology acceptance constructs together with age-related health and ability characteristics, the present study was able to identify more factors affecting gerontechnology acceptance by older Hong Kong Chinese.     

高支模施工安全管理问题与对策

高支模工程安全管理不仅需要很高的技术,而且安全管理本身也具有较大的随机性,这就导致相关人员在开展安全管理工作时具有一定的难度。面对这一问题,相关监理人员必须从施工方案的审批、应急预案的落实、质量安全作业的施工技术交底和施工过程中所需要的各种原材料进场前的检验等方面加强管理。     

建筑业农民工权益保障研究

农民工权益问题是我国改革开放中涌现出来的众多主要社会问题之一.其中尤以建筑业农民工的权益保障问题最为突出.在研究农民工这一特殊群体的同时,以武汉市建筑业农民工为例分析、研究了建筑业农民工权益保障中存在的主要问题,提出了关于切实保障农民工合法权益的几点建议.     

浅谈企业政工干部匮乏的原因及对策

在市场经济大潮中冲击下,企业政工干部队伍出现了后继乏人的尴尬局面。针对这种情况,要着手做要以下四个方面的工作:一是"造势",造有利于推进政工队伍建设的社会舆论;二是"补缺",搞好政工干部队伍的梯队建设;三是"外派",将政工干部放到改革的前沿阵地和艰苦环境中锻炼;四是"解忧",为政工干部解决后顾之忧。只有这样,才能保证企业政工干部队伍迅速健康成长。     

劳务派遣员工流失对策探析——以井下测试公司为例

由于多种原因,井下测试公司招来的劳务派遣员工流失情况比较严重,已经成为公司持续健康发展的一大隐忧。结合我国劳务市场发展的新形势和经济结构转型升级的背景,基于公司劳务派遣员工流失实际情况的分析,本文试从劳务派遣员工群体的就业心态、利益诉求、从业预期和就业内外部环境等方面进行原因探究,并从用工环境改观、分配体制改革、激励机制改善、招工来源改变等方面提出了针对性的解决措施。     

“准老年”高技能人才资源开发的途径

随着经济的高速发展和产业结构调整的加快,我国对中高级人才的需求日趋旺盛,许多地方和行业出现了中高级人才荒。探讨“准老年”高技能人才资源对人力资源配置和社会养老保障的意义,“准老年”高技能人才资源具有可开发性,提出利用社会组织、网络平台、专家协会和老年教育等途径。