Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

Effects of stimulus emotionality and sentence generation on memory for words in adults with unilateral brain damage.

Does sentence generation and/or stimulus emotionality enhance verbal memory in patients with neurological impairment? This question was addressed by testing 40 patients with unilateral stroke (20 with left-brain and 20 with right-brain damage) and 20 healthy control participants for recall and recognition of 48 target words. During encoding, emotional and nonemotional words were either presented in sentences (read condition) or used to form sentences (generate condition). Both word emotionality and generative processing improved memory performance in all groups. The authors suggest that a similar influence (i.e., cognitive activation) underlies both of these memory-enhancing effects, although the putative origins of the 2 effects are quite different. Neuropsychological underpinnings and clinical implications of these phenomena are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study of trace elements in coal and mining wastes and its significance in China

In the world energy about 26% of all was dedved from coal combustion. Nearly 80% of the electricity produced in China is generated from coal. Coal will play the most important role in the coming 50 years as the past century in China. However one consequentially of the mining and combustion of coal is the mobilization of trace elements, especially trace metals, which have environmental and human health significance. Information on concentrations and distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal, and information On the modes of occurrence of these elements and the relations of the minerals in coal can help to predict the behavior of the potentially toxic trace metals dudng cleaning, combustion, weathering, and leaching.     

关于职业技术学院英语教学的思考

为了适应新形势、新需求，根据职业技术教育的实践，探讨如何调动学生英语学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动力，以改变被动学习和由此而产生的逆反心态，使英语学习收到好的效果。     

大集中后数据调整智能化处理的实现

文章简单介绍了INFORMIX关系数据库动态RDSQL语句的使用方法以及利用动态RDSQL语句成功开发的中国建设银行湖南省分行智能帐务调整模块的设计方法。     

Shared syntactic representations in bilinguals: Evidence for the role of word-order repetition.

Studies on syntactic priming strongly suggest that bilinguals can store a single integrated representation of constructions that are similar in both languages (e.g., Spanish and English passives; R. J. Hartsuiker, M. J. Pickering, & E. Veltkamp, 2004). However, they may store 2 separate representations of constructions that involve different word orders (e.g., German and English passives; H. Loebell & K. Bock, 2003). In 5 experiments, the authors investigated within- and between-languages priming of Dutch, English, and German relative clauses. The authors found priming within Dutch (Experiment 1) and within English as a 2nd language (Experiments 2 and 4). An important finding is that priming occurred from Dutch to German (Experiment 5), which both have verb-final relative clauses; but it did not occur between Dutch and English (Experiments 3 and 4), which differ in relative-clause word order. The results suggest that word-order repetition is needed for the construction of integrated syntactic representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interference effects from grammatically unavailable constituents during sentence processing.

Evidence from 3 experiments reveals interference effects from structural relationships that are inconsistent with any grammatical parse of the perceived input. Processing disruption was observed when items occurring between a head and a dependent overlapped with either (or both) syntactic or semantic features of the dependent. Effects of syntactic interference occur in the earliest online measures in the region where the retrieval of a long-distance dependent occurs. Semantic interference effects occur in later online measures at the end of the sentence. Both effects endure in offline comprehension measures, suggesting that interfering items participate in incorrect interpretations that resist reanalysis. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-based retrieval account of parsing, which reconciles the fact that the parser must violate the grammar in order for these interference effects to occur. Broader implications of this research indicate a need for a precise specification of the interface between the parsing mechanism and the memory system that supports language comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种基于知网的句子相似度计算方法

句子相似度是衡量文档相似度的基础,在自然语言处理领域中有着非常重要的作用。目前的句子相似度计算方法忽略了句子的结构对相似度的影响。本文在分析已有研究工作的基础上,提出了一种改进的句子相似度计算方法。依据知网对"实体概念"的描述,构造出义原的语义层次树,由各个义原在树中的相对位置,计算出义原之间的相似度。对三种义原加权求和得到词语之间的语义相似度。综合句子的表层相似度和句子的词语语义以及词语的相对位置关系,得到句子的整体相似度。实验表明,在同等的测试条件下,本文所提出的句子相似度计算方法在相似度比较上更符合人的直观感觉。     

一种基于区分矩阵的属性组合权重构造方法

详细分析了以基于Pawlak的属性重要度来构造属性权重的方法存在的问题,给出了一种基于区分矩阵的属性重要度的定义方法,并且得到了该定义方法的一些重要性质。在此基础上提出了一种新的信息系统属性权重构造方法,新方法是以条件属性在整个信息系统中的贡献度来确定属性权重,不仅反映了属性自身区分对象的能力,而且体现了各属性在整个条件属性中的分类能力。通过算例分析表明,该方法得到的属性权重更加贴近事实,因此它能提高属性权重的准确度。     

话题转换方式和句子长度对边界声学参数的影响

该文研究了不同话题转换方式和句子长度对边界处停顿、边界前延长量及音高重置的影响。语料是由两个句子构成的小语篇,通过改变第二个句子控制两种句子长度(短和长)和三种话题转换方式(延续、精述和转折)。20位发音人的语音分析结果显示: (1) 话题转换方式和句子长度对停顿及音高重置都有调节作用,但对边界前词的时长延长量没有显著影响。另外,两因素间没有交互作用。主要表现为: 边界后句子越长,句间停顿越长,且边界处的音高重置越大。从话题延续、话题精述到话题转折,停顿时长呈增长趋势,且音高重置度增大; (2) 停顿时长与边界前延长量存在较弱的负相关,与音高重置则存在较弱的正相关; (3) 相较于男性发音人,女性发音人对话题转换方式更为敏感,且更倾向于用停顿和音高两种声学线索标记话题转换方式。句长效应则在男女发音人中都稳定存在。以上结果表明,句长对边界处声学参数的影响基于底层发音机制,而话题转换方式的影响则是语言中信息传递的需要。