皖北农村留守青少年体质现状与对策研究

采取分层随机抽取阜阳周边乡村中学13~16岁农村留守青少年学生,按性别以每岁为一组,共计8个年龄组,每一年龄组50人,进行体质测试,包括身体形态、身体机能和身体素质等11项指标,与全国同龄青少年体质数据进行比较来分析皖北农村留守青少年的体质状况,结果表明:皖北农村留守青少年身体形态、身体机能等指标均显著低于全国同龄平均水平(P0.001),速度、柔韧等身体素质较好,明显高于全国均值(P0.001或P0.01),但力量素质较差,需加强科学合理的力量锻炼,大力重视农村留守青少年的体质发展;依据分析结果提出家庭、学校、社会共同有针对性的开展行动,为促进我国农村留守青少年体质健康发展提出有效解决方案。     

论青少年亲社会行为及其培养

亲社会行为是个体社会化的重要标志之一。亲社会行为不是与生俱来的,而是后天习得的。本文从影响青少年亲社会行为的人格特征和环境因素出发,对如何培养青少年亲社会行为作了三方面的论述,即创造动力环境、培养移情能力及形成群体规范和舆论。     

定制青少年家具的设计

定制家具是未来青少年家具的发展方向。通过分析青少年群体的特殊性和对家具的要求,提出了定制青少年家具造型、结构、工艺设计技术,为定制青少年家具的设计与研发提供参考。     

The Potentials and Pitfalls of ‘Art in Research’ Methodologies: Foregrounding Memory and Emotion in Planning Research

ABSTRACT

The article draws on a two-month project with forty-four high school students in Reston, Virginia to suggest that ‘art in research’ methodologies might be useful to shift away from the problematic histories of planning as solely a technical endeavor based in masculinist conceptions of legitimate research. I propose that we can radically reimagine planning research and practice as an emancipatory endeavor for its participants, suggesting that the iterative and longer art-making process may usefully complement traditional qualitative planning research, specifically helping to uncover relevant memories and emotions of participants.     

Occurrence of total aflatoxins,ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol in foodstuffs available on the Lebanese market and their impact on dietary exposure of children and teenagers in Beirut

Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites commonly present in food and constituting a potential threat to food safety. Total aflatoxins (AFT), ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are among the most widespread mycotoxins. We assessed the occurrence of AFT, OTA and DON in some foodstuffs available on the Lebanese market and evaluated the potential risk to the health of children and teenagers in Beirut from dietary exposure to these mycotoxins. Analytical data on the contamination of raw and processed cereals and cereal-based products, pulses and nuts were collected. The mean levels of AFT, OTA and DON were calculated for each food items. Levels of dietary exposure were obtained by combining food consumption data with the mean mycotoxin levels, adopting a deterministic approach. Intakes were calculated for average and high consumers (75th and 95th percentile) among children and teenagers, and compared with the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) or provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the respective mycotoxin. The results showed that mycotoxin levels in the food samples were generally below national/European maximum limits. However, high levels of AFT, OTA and DON were found in some samples of nuts, biscuits and bread. The calculated intake for AFT exceeded its respective PTDI in all groups by a factor ranging from 3 to 7. The intakes of OTA and DON were found to be below the threshold of toxicological concern established for these mycotoxins by international expert groups, although the intake of DON in children at the highest percentile (P95) was close to its PTDI. Our study highlights the need to reconsider the maximum permissible levels of total aflatoxins in some foodstuffs and to establish regulatory guidelines regarding OTA and DON. The results also emphasise the need for routine monitoring of the levels of mycotoxin contamination in foodstuffs that are highly consumed by Lebanese children and teenagers, i.e. cereals and cereal-based products.     

Estimated intake of the sweeteners,acesulfame-K and aspartame,from soft drinks,soft drinks based on mineral waters and nectars for a group of Portuguese teenage students

In a survey of levels of acesulfame-K and aspartame in soft drinks and in light nectars, the intake of these intense sweeteners was estimated for a group of teenage students. Acesulfame-K was detected in 72% of the soft drinks, with a mean concentration of 72 mg l^?1 and aspartame was found in 92% of the samples with a mean concentration of 89 mg l^?1. When data on the content of these sweeteners in soft drinks were analysed according to flavour, cola drinks had the highest mean levels for both sweeteners with 98 and 103 mg l^?1 for acesulfame-K and aspartame, respectively. For soft drinks based on mineral water, aspartame was found in 62% of the samples, with a mean concentration of 82 mg l^?1 and acesulfame-K was found in 77%, with a mean level of 48 mg l^?1. All samples of nectars contained acesulfame-K, with a mean concentration of 128 mg l^?1 and aspartame was detected in 80% of the samples with a mean concentration of 73 mg l^?1. A frequency questionnaire, designed to identify adolescents having high consumption of these drinks, was completed by a randomly selected sample of teenagers (n = 65) living in the city of Coimbra, in 2007. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of acesulfame-K and aspartame for the average consumer were below the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). For acesulfame-K, the EDI was 0.7 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1 for soft drinks, 0.2 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1 for soft drinks based on mineral waters, and 0.5 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1 for nectars, representing 8.0%, 2.2%, and 5.8% of the ADI, respectively. A similar situation was observed for aspartame. In this way, the EDI for soft drinks was 1.1 mg kg^?1 day^?1, representing only 2.9% of the ADI. In respect of nectars, the EDI was 0.2 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1, representing 0.5% of the ADI. Soft drinks based on mineral waters showed the lowest EDI values of 0.3 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1, accounting for 0.7% of the ADI.     

吉林省青少年体质下降原因分析及对策研究

通过研究发现吉林省青少年在身体形态上都有着不同程度的提高,但在身体机能和身体素质方面仍有一定的下降。究其体质下降的原因主要表现为:高中体育教学的忽视、现代生活方式中的恶习、课程设置趋于集中、软硬件条件对学生参加体育锻炼的限制以及课余体育活动的缺乏等问题,严重影响了青少年的体质健康水平,为此,本研究认为:加强青少年体质应重视学生体育运动兴趣,优化学生体育意识培养方式;加强体育文化的开发与运用,加深学生体质健康路径;加强科学健康的生活教育,捍卫青少年体质健康的生活保障。     

当代青少年音乐偏爱的成因阐析

当代青少年偏爱流行通俗音乐，这与年龄特征和时代社会背景有关．文章通过解读流行通俗音乐的文化内涵，揭示其与青少年音乐偏爱的关系，指出音乐教育工作者要引导青少年崇尚严肃音乐．     

绘画心理治疗:青少年渡过心理危机的有效保障

青少年期是个体的生理和心理发生急剧变化,从幼稚走向成熟、从家庭步入社会的重要转折时期,也是备受各种心理健康问题困扰的年龄阶段。论述了绘画疗法用色彩打开情感的捆绑,通过对青少年最常见的自杀性心理危机、攻击性心理危机以及成瘾性心理危机进行有效预防和干预,帮助青少年顺利渡过危机。     

我国青少年儿童漠视生命的成因及对策分析

我国青少年儿童有漠视生命的倾向，对此，作者认为有人性教育严重缺失。亲子关系不良，家教方式不当，忽视儿童的心理健康与死亡教育等原因，所以可以针对这些问题对青少年儿童进行生命教育。