电力系统PMU最优配置数字规划算法

随着相量量测装置(PMU)硬件技术的逐渐成熟和高速通信网络的发展,PMU在电力系统中的状态估计、动态监测和稳定控制等方面得到了广泛应用.为达到系统完全可观,在所有的节点上均装设PMU既不可能也没有必要.文中提出一种基于系统拓扑可观性理论的数字规划算法,利用PMU和系统提供的状态信息,最大限度地对网络拓扑约束方程式进行了简化,以配置PMU数目最小为目标,形成了PMU最优配置问题,并采用禁忌搜索算法求解该问题.其突出优点是利用了系统混合测量集数据,即不仅考虑了PMU实测数据,同时计及了可用的潮流数据.在IEEE14节点和IEEE 118节点系统的仿真结果表明,与常规的PMU最优配置算法相比,所提出的数字规划算法可以实现安装较少数量的PMU而整个系统可观的目标.

Optimal PMU Placement in Power System Using Numerical Formulation

With the development of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and communication technology, PMUs have evolved into practical equipment for state estimators, dynamic monitoring, stability controls and other aspects in power systems. It is neither possible nor necessary to place PMU at each bus to make the system observable. On the basis of network topological observability theory, a numerical formulation method is proposed to maximally simplify the nonlinear constraints by using mixed measurement set. The optimal PMU placement (OPP) is then expressed as a combinatorial optimization problem for the purpose of minimal PUM placement. Tabu search (TS) is also used to work out the OPP problem. The most attractive properties of the algorithm is that mixed measurement set is considered, i.e., conventional power flows and injections together with phasor measurements for voltage and line currents are included. The validity and flexibility of the proposed algorithm are tested with IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus power system and the results show that less amount of PMU is needed to make the system observable compared to general OPP algorithm.