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Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis and Apigenin against Weak Ultraviolet Ray-B-Induced Barrier Dysfunction via Suppressing Nitric Oxide Production and Mislocalization of Claudin-1 in HaCaT Cells
Authors:Yuta Yoshino  Kana Marunaka  Mao Kobayashi  Haruka Matsunaga  Shokoku Shu  Toshiyuki Matsunaga  Akira Ikari
Affiliation:1.Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.);2.Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
Abstract:Once weak ultraviolet ray-B (UVB) irradiates the skin cells, the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), but not reactive oxygen species (ROS), is stimulated for the mislocalization of claudin-1 (CLDN1), an essential protein for forming tight junctions (TJs). Since our skin is constantly exposed to sunlight throughout our lives, an effective protection strategy is needed to maintain the skin barrier against weak UVB. In the present study, we investigated whether an ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis (EBGP) and flavonoids had a protective effect against weak UVB irradiation-induced barrier dysfunction in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. A pretreatment with EBGP suppressed TJ permeability, RNS production, and the nitration level of CLDN1 in the weak UVB-exposed cells. Among the propolis components, apigenin and apigenin-like flavonoids have potent protective effects against NO production and the mislocalization of CLDN1 induced by UVB. The analyses between structures and biological function revealed that the chemically and structurally characteristic flavonoids with a hydroxyl group at the 4′ position on the B-ring might contribute to its protective effect on barrier dysfunction caused by weak UVB irradiation. In conclusion, EBGP and its component apigenin protect HaCaT cells from weak UVB irradiation-induced TJ barrier dysfunction mediated by suppressing NO production.
Keywords:claudin  keratinocyte  UVB  nitric oxide  apigenin  flavonoid
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