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Assessment of arsenic exposure from groundwater and rice in Bengal Delta Region, West Bengal, India |
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| Authors: | Debashis Chatterjee Dipti Halder Santanu Majumder Bibhash Nath Subhamoy Bhowmick Debasree Saha Palash B. Maity Abhijit Mukherjee |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741 235, West Bengal, India b KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden c School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia d Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of West Bengal, 37/1/2 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, West Bengal, India e Presidency College, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700 073, West Bengal, India f Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada g Institute for Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany |
| Abstract: | Arsenic (As) induced identifiable health outcomes are now spreading across Indian subcontinent with continuous discovery of high As concentrations in groundwater. This study deals with groundwater hydrochemistry vis-à-vis As exposure assessment among rural population in Chakdaha block, West Bengal, India. The water quality survey reveals that 96% of the tubewells exceed WHO guideline value (10 μg/L of As). The groundwaters are generally anoxic (−283 to −22 mV) with circum-neutral pH (6.3 to 7.8). The hydrochemistry is dominated by HCO3− (208 to 440 mg/L), Ca2+ (79 to 178 mg/L) and Mg2+ (17 to 45 mg/L) ions along with high concentrations of AsT (As total, below detection limit to 0.29 mg/L), FeT (Fe total, 1.2 to 16 mg/L), and Fe(II) (0.74 to 16 mg/L). The result demonstrates that Fe(II)-Fe(III) cycling is the dominant process for the release of As from aquifer sediments to groundwater (and vice versa), which is mainly controlled by the local biogeochemical conditions. The exposure scenario reveals that the consumption of groundwater and rice are the major pathways of As accumulation in human body, which is explained by the dietary habit of the surveyed population. Finally, regular awareness campaign is essential as part of the management and prevention of health outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Arsenic exposure Hydrochemistry Fe Cycling Redox chemistry Rice Risk assessment |
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