卫星量子通信的光子偏振误差影响与补偿研究

针对采用偏振编码的卫星量子通信中的偏振保持问题，研究了大气散射和卫星与地面站间相对运动对量子偏振态相位和对准的具体影响。仿真分析了量子偏振态相位延迟和对准误差对系统量子误码率影响，提出了一种新的BB84协议与半波片旋转相结合的偏振补偿方案。该方案通过对准提前量补偿的加入弥补原有补偿方案补偿过程中不能进行通信的缺陷，可基本实现零角度偏振误差，保证卫星量子通信的安全可靠性，且因该方案仅需在原有系统上添加一个半波片，易于实现。

Polarization Error and Compensation in Quantum Communication using Satellites

In view of the polarization maintaining problem in quantum communication using satellites, the atmospheric scattering and the relative motion between satellite and ground station which have impact on the photon polarization states in satellite quantum communication are researched. The influence on quantum bit error rate of the system caused by alignment error and phase delay are simulated and analyzed. The existing polarization compensation scheme that combines the BB84 protocol and half wave rotating has a defect that cannot communication in the process of compensation. A new scheme is proposed to overcome the defect. The result is that the polarization error can be compensated to zero on the basis of the improved scheme and realize the safe and reliable quantum communication using satellites.