甘蓝型油菜角果的抗裂角特性及其相关分析

应用改良拉裂法,对286份甘蓝型油菜品种（系）进行裂角力测定.结果表明,抗裂角性状在现有甘蓝型油菜品种（系）中存在广泛变异.在146份甘蓝型杂交油菜品种（组合）中,裂角力变异范围0.82～ 2.87N（牛顿）,平均裂角力1.83N,变异系数22.11％;裂角力小于1N的有3份（占2.05％）,1～2N之间的96份（占65.75％）,在2～3N之间的47份（占32.19％）,没有检测到裂角力大于3N的品种或组合.在140份甘蓝型常规油菜品种（系）中,裂角力变异范围0.58 ～ 3.47N,平均裂角力1.94N,变异系数31.55％,均高于杂交油菜,其中裂角力小于1N的6份（占4.29％）,在1～2N之间的76份（占54.29％）,在2～3N之间的49份（占35％）,大于3N的9份（占6.42％）.与角果和籽粒性状的相关分析表明,油菜角果的裂角力值与单角壳重、单位面积壳重、千粒重达极显著正相关,与每角粒数和角果宽度达到显著正相关.分析杂种与亲本恢复系之间的关系,发现杂种裂角力与恢复系的角果宽度、单角壳重、单位面积壳重、千粒重等性状呈极显著正相关,与粒壳比呈极显著负相关.说明角果大小显著影响油菜的抗裂角特性,角果大、果壳厚、千粒重高等可以作为筛选抗裂角油菜的形态指标.在杂交油菜育种中选用大角大粒恢复系亲本能有效提高杂交油菜的抗耐裂角性.

Silique shatter resistance and correlation analysis in Brassica napus

Silique shatter strength （SSS） of 286 Brassica napus varieties （lines） was measured using a modified fracture method.Results indicated a wide variation in silique shattering resistance among these accessions.Among 146 hybrid varieties＇ SSS values,3 （2.05％） were less than 1N,96 （65.75％） were between 1 to 2N,47（32.19％） were between 2 to 3N,no hybrid was found having more than 3N of SSS.The SSS of hybrids ranged between 0.82 to 2.87N,with an average of 1.83N,and CV （coefficient of variation） of 22.11％.Among 140 conventional varieties,6 （4.29％） were less than 1N,76 （54.29％） were between 1 to 2N,49 （35％） were between 2 to 3N,and 9 （6.42％） were more than 3N.The SSS of conventional varieties ranged between 0.58 to 3.47N,with an average of 1.94N,and CV of 31.55％.Correlations between SSS and silique-and seed-related traits showed that the SSS had highly significant positive correlations with single silique weight,unit area weight of silique wall,and 1 000-seed weight.And it had significant positive correlations with seed per silique and silique width.Analysis of the relations between hybrids and its restorers illustrated that the hybrid SSS had significant positive correlations with silique width,single silique weight,unit area weight of silique wall,and 1 000-seed weight of the restorer.Results indicated that silique size affected shattering trait.Rapeseed with large silique,thick wall and heavy seeds might have higher resistance to silique shattering.And large silique and heavy seeds of restorer lines would provide greater benefit to the shattering resistance of hybrids.