舱室内爆炸压力载荷测试方法研究

针对装药在密闭或准密闭舰船舱室内的爆炸实验，研究首次反射冲击波和准静态压力两种毁伤压力载荷测试方法。分析了舱室内装药爆炸形成的首次反射冲击波和准静态压力两种载荷的频率与幅值特性，阐明了采用不同频响传感器分别进行测量的必要性和合理性；提出了采用高频压电传感器测量首次反射冲击波和低频压阻传感器测量准静态压力的传感器选型方法；给出了专用工艺工装设计以及传感器布设方法，其中尼龙套筒工装可有效起到绝缘和衰减应力波的作用，其内腔传压管设计可有效消除爆炸产生的高频信号和光、热信号对压阻传感器的干扰，从而保证了测试精度。进行了模拟舱室内的装药爆炸实验，所得测试数据与经典公式计算结果一致性良好。研究结果表明：所提出的舱室内爆炸毁伤压力载荷并行测试方法以及工艺工装设计合理可行，能够在获取足够精度的反射冲击波数据基础上更加精确地获取准静态压力峰值及衰减规律；为了准确获取舱室内爆炸压力载荷数据，在合理预估待测信号幅值范围前提下，首次反射冲击波测试采样率应为兆赫兹量级，准静态压力测试采样率应为千赫兹量级；为了防止干扰信号对测试的影响，应采用尼龙套筒工装并采用过盈配合的安装方法。

Research on Testing Method of Explosion Pressure in Cabin

A method of testing the first reflected shock wave and the quasi-static pressure is proposed for the explosion test of the charge in a closed or quasi-sealed cabin. The frequency and amplitude characteristics of the first reflected shock wave and the quasi-static pressure formed by the in-chamber charge explosion are analyzed, and the necessity and rationality of using the different frequency response sensors to measure are illustrated. A sensor selection method is presented for using a high frequency piezoelectric sensor to measure the first reflected shock wave and a low frequency piezoelectric sensor to measure the quasi-static pressure. A special process tooling design and a sensor placement method, of which nylon sleeve tooling plays the role of insulatng and attenuating the stress wave, are presented. The design of the inner chamber pressure transmission tube can effectively eliminate the high-frequency signal generated by explosion and the interference of the optical and thermal signals on the piezoresistance sensor, thereby ensuring the test accuracy. A charge explosion experiment was conducted in the simulated cabin, and the test data is in good agreement with the calculated results of the classical formula. The research results show that the parallel test method for explosion-induced pressure load and the process tooling design is reasonable and feasible. It is recommended that the test sampling rate of the first reflected shock wave is in the order of MHz and the sampling rate of quasi-static pressure test is in the order of KHz under the premise of reasonable estimation of amplitude range of a signal to be tested. The effect of interference signal on the test is prevented using nylon sleeve tooling and an interference fit installation method.