低温切削奥氏体304不锈钢残余应力研究

为了改善奥氏体304不锈钢的加工质量，采用预冷工件低温切削方法切削奥氏体304不锈 钢，研究其残余应力变化情况。通过有限元软件ANSYS分析液氮浸泡工件温度场分布，指导实际预冷工件试验。实施在不同预冷温度下的低温车削试验，使用测力仪器测量切削过程中的切削力，并通过有限元软件DEFORM模拟不同低温条件下的车削过程，利用后处理功能观察车削过程温度分布。研究结果表明：低温切削可以增加切削过程的切削力，同时减少切削过程中工件表层的温度差，使得残余拉应力减小或者残余压应力增大，且温度越低这种效果越明显。

Investigation into Residual Stress of Austenitic 304 Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperature

In order to improve the workability of Austenitic 304 stainless steel, the residual stress of Austenitic 304 stainless steel was studied by cutting the austenitic stainless steel at cryogenic. The temperature field distribution of liquid nitrogen immersed workpiece is analyzed by the finite element software ANSYS, guiding the actual precooling workpiece test. The residual stress of metal cutting is qualitatively analyzed. The cryogenic cutting test under different precooling temperature is carried out, and the cutting force in cutting process is measured by force measuring instrument. DEFORM finite element software is used to simulate the process of cutting at different temperatures, and the temperature distribution in the cutting process is observed by the post processing function. The results show that the cutting force of the cutting process can be increased and the temperature defference of workpiece surface is decreased during the cryogenis cutting. This makes the residual tensile stress decrease or the residual compressive stress increase, and the lower the temperature is, the more obvious the effect is.