典型石油化工反应器传热性能对比评述

传热是石化反应器设计的关键问题之一。传热过程受多因素控制，且与反应器类型密切相关，而以往研究集中于某一类反应器的传热机理和关联式，缺乏不同类型反应器传热性能的综合比较；同时，各类型反应器有效传热系数的数值范围存在争议。本文旨在定量对比典型反应器的传热性能，利用已发表的大量传热系数关联式，系统地计算、分析了固定床、流化床和环管反应器这三种典型石化反应器，通过关联传热系数与流速，总结了不同类型反应器传热系数的变化范围。结果表明：气-固固定床传热系数可达200 W/m2?K，远超出文献建议范围17-89 W/m2?K；两相及三相流化床的传热性能均优于固定床；同时包含液相的体系传热性能更优，因此三相流化床传热性能最佳，其传热系数>1000 W/m2?K。以上结论可为工业反应器设计和选择提供基础和依据。

A Comparative Review on Heat Transfer Performance in Typical Petrochemical Reactors

The performance of heat transfer is a key issue for reactor design in petrochemical industry. Because heat transfer in reactors is a complicated process and depends on multiple parameters, the evaluation of the heat transfer performance is usually challenging, and few previous studies gave an overall view of heat exchange performance of different types of reactors. In this review, heat transfer coefficients of three types of petrochemical reactors, including packed bed, fluid bed and loop reactor, were systematically analyzed and compared based on a number of reported correlations. The relationship between heat transfer coefficients and fluid flow velocity of different reactors has been well established, which clearly demonstrates the varying range of their heat transfer coefficients. Heat transfer coefficients of gas-phase packed bed can exceed 200 W/m2?K, rather than suggested values (17-89 W/m2?K) in literatures. The fluidized bed shows better performances for both two-phase and three-phase beds compared to packed bed. Systems with liquid phase also show better heat transfer performance than other phases because of the larger heat capacity of liquid. Thus industrial three-phase fluidized beds have the best heat transfer performance with overall heat transfer coefficient >1000 W/m2?K. The heat transfer results provided by this review gives not only new insights into the heat transfer in typical reactors, but also basis and guidelines for reactor design and selection.