张拉膜结构风致动力灾变研究进展

为明确膜结构的风致动力灾变机理,分别从现场实测、气弹模型风洞试验、流固耦合数值模拟等方面的研究进展,探讨了膜结构附加气动力和气弹失稳机理等问题.研究表明:受实测设备、气弹模型试验相似理论和流固耦合模拟方法等方面的限制,膜结构流固耦合现象的观测模拟方面,针对实际工程的研究仍比较少;流固耦合振动机理方面,普遍认为,气弹失稳与形成于结构表面附近的旋涡有关,表现为结构总阻尼比的大幅衰减;但已有研究成果多基于对简单膜结构在近似均匀流场中振动现象的观测得出,与实际工程相差比较大.建议以后从以下几方面进一步深入:气弹模型试验相似理论的相似偏差量化分析方法和误差修正技术;大型膜结构实际工程流固耦合数值模拟关键技术;基于现场实测、气弹模型风洞试验、数值模拟和解析等多种研究手段的膜结构气弹失稳机理研究;便于工程设计人员接受的考虑流固耦合的膜结构抗风设计方法.

Advances on wind-induced dynamic disaster of tensioned membrane structures

To clarify the wind-induced dynamic disaster mechanism of membrane structure, this paper analyzed the research progress of field test, aero-elastic model wind tunnel test and numerical simulation method of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems, and discussed the latest research results on the additional aerodynamic force and aero-elastic instability mechanism of membrane structure. It was shown that by the limitation of field test equipment, similar theory of aero-elastic model and FSI simulation method, the research on the observation and simulation of practical membrane structure was still relatively few. As for the aero-elastic instability mechanism of membrane structure, it was believed that the aero-elastic instability of membrane structures was related to the vortices formed near the membrane surface, which was manifested as a significant attenuation of the total damping of the structure. However, the research results were based on the vibration phenomena observation of the simple membrane structure in the approximate uniform flow field, which was quite different from the actual project. The following aspects are suggested for researches: similarity analysis method and error correction technique of similarity theory of aero-elastic model wind tunnel test; key technology of numerical simulation of FSI problem of large-scale membrane structure; research on the aero-elastic instability mechanism of membrane structure that based on various research means including field test, aero-elastic model wind tunnel test, numerical simulation method, analytical theory, and so on; the wind-resistant design method of membrane structure, which is acceptable for designers to consider the FSI effect.