基于RSEI的采煤塌陷积水对生态环境的影响研究

采煤塌陷积水是东部高潜水位矿区最主要的生态环境问题,但塌陷湖的形成又对生态环境建设提供了难得的水资源,因此,研究塌陷积水后对周边生态环境的影响特征,对于指导矿区塌陷地生态恢复治理与湿地资源保护利用具有现实意义。本文以任楼煤矿塌陷积水区为研究区,以建矿后至今约20年的5期遥感影像为数据源,通过多光谱计算和主成分分析获取RSEI指数,并提取北、东、南、西四个方向数据,通过数据拟合与秩和检验,得出以下结论：（1）研究区生态环境自2000年以来有很大改善,矿区土地复垦与生态恢复成效显著;（2）塌陷积水对周边生态环境总体上产生正面影响,影响具有显著的方向差异性和年度变化特征;（3）塌陷积水对生态环境的影响随距离呈“凸型”抛物线变化,平均影响范围约3.7km,南北向约3.5km,东西向不超过7.8km,塌陷积水区形成后需要经土地整治工程才能最大程度发挥水域生态环境功能。

The Impact of Water Over Logged Mining Subsidence on Eco-Environment Using Remote Sensing Based Ecological Index

Although water over logged mining subsidence (WLS) is the most important eco-environmental problem in the eastern China high water table mining area, the formation of subsidence lake provides rare water resources for eco-environment construction. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the impact characteristics of WLS on surrounding ecological environment for instruction subsided land ecological recovery and wetland resource protection and use. In this paper, WLS zone in Renlou Coal Mine was selected as the research area. Five remote sensing images of 20 years after the construction of the mine were used as the data source. The remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI ) was obtained by multi spectral calculation and principal component analysis and then four-direction data of North, East, South and West were extracted. The results show that:(1) The ecological environment of the study area has been greatly improved since 2000 due to the remarkable effect of land reclamation and ecological restoration; (2) the WLS has a positive impact on the surrounding ecological environment, with significant directional difference and annual change characteristics; (3) the impact of WLS on the ecological environment changes in a "convex" parabola with an average impact range of 3.7 km, 3.5 km in the north and south direction and no more than 7.8 km in the east and west direction. In order to maximize the ecological environment function of over logged water, it is necessary to carry out land consolidation project after the WLS area coming into being.