矿山酸性废水抑酸技术研究现状与展望

矿山开采及闭矿产生的酸性矿井水、固废堆场产生的酸性淋滤液对矿山生态环境造成了严重的影响,系统梳理与总结相关研究成果对进一步推动酸性矿山废水的治理具有重要意义。本文综述了阻氧覆盖、表面钝化、杀菌处理和微生物抑酸技术的方法原理与应用,分析了不同方法的优缺点和适应性。分析结果表明,抑制矿山废水酸化的方法主要包括物理化学法和微生物法;物理化学抑酸技术能够一定程度上从源头抑制AMD的产生,但存在适用条件限制、二次污染风险、材料易失效等缺点;目前微生物抑酸主要是通过铁还原菌、硫酸盐还原菌、复合型厌氧生物膜等抑酸微生物抑制AMD的产生,但大多处于研发和试验阶段。本研究基于金属硫化矿物微生物催化氧化产酸机理,提出利用“微生物间拮抗与竞争作用”筛选高效抑酸微生物,探索矿山酸性废水抑酸处理新方法。

Research progress of acid inhibition technologies for Acid Mine Drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most serious mine ecological environmental problems, which is main produced by mining, ore closure and the acid leaching liquid produced by solid waste yard. It is significant for further promoting the treatment of AMD by systematically sorting out and summarizing the relevant research results. In this paper, the methods, principles and applications of oxygen barrier coating, surface passivation, sterilization and acid inhibition by microorganisms are summarized, and their advantages, disadvantages and adaptability are analyzed. The methods to inhibit the acidification of AMD include physicochemical and biological methods. Physicochemical acid inhibition technologies can inhibit the production of AMD from the source, but it has some disadvantages, such as poor applicability, secondary pollution risk, materials are prone to failure. Biological acid inhibition is to inhibit the production of AMD by adding acid inhibiting microorganisms, most of them are in the stage of research and development and testing. According to the mechanism of acid production by microbial catalytic oxidation of metal sulfide minerals, it is proposed to screen high-efficiency acid-inhibiting microorganisms by "antagonism and competition between microorganisms" and explore a new method for acid-inhibiting treatment of AMD.