Acetylene and Diacetylene Functionalized Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Metal-Free Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: A New Two-Electron Water Oxidation Pathway

Metal-free polymer photocatalysts have shown great promise for photocatalytic H₂O₂ production via two-electron reduction of molecular O₂. The other half-reaction, which is the two-electron oxidation of water, still remains elusive toward H₂O₂ production. However, enabling this water oxidation pathway is critically important to improve the yield and maximize atom utilization efficiency. It is shown that introducing acetylene ( CC ) or diacetylene ( CC CC ) moieties into covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) can remarkably promote photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. This enhancement is inherent to the incorporated carbon–carbon triple bonds which are essential in modulating the electronic structures of CTFs and suppressing charge recombinations. Furthermore, the acetylene and diacetylene moieties can significantly reduce the energy associated with OH* formation and thus enable a new two-electron oxidation pathway toward H₂O₂ production. The study unveils an important reaction pathway toward photocatalytic H₂O₂ production, reflecting that precise control over the chemical structures of polymer photocatalysts is vital to achieve efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversion.