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MXene Materials for Designing Advanced Separation Membranes |
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| Authors: | Hüseyin Enis Karahan Kunli Goh Chuanfang |
| Affiliation: | 1. Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore;2. ETH Domain, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland;3. Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore
Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongnam, 53064 Republic of Korea;4. Polymer Science and Technology Graduate Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469 Turkey;5. Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459 Singapore;6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469 Turkey;7. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia;8. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea |
| Abstract: | MXenes are emerging rapidly as a new family of multifunctional nanomaterials with prospective applications rivaling that of graphenes. Herein, a timely account of the design and performance evaluation of MXene-based membranes is provided. First, the preparation and physicochemical characteristics of MXenes are outlined, with a focus on exfoliation, dispersion stability, and processability, which are crucial factors for membrane fabrication. Then, different formats of MXene-based membranes in the literature are introduced, comprising pristine or intercalated nanolaminates and polymer-based nanocomposites. Next, the major membrane processes so far pursued by MXenes are evaluated, covering gas separation, wastewater treatment, desalination, and organic solvent purification. The potential utility of MXenes in phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, as well as layer-by-layer assembly for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes, is also critically discussed. Looking forward, exploiting the high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of certain MXenes is put into perspective for niche applications that are not easily achievable by other nanomaterials. Furthermore, the benefits of simulation/modeling approaches for designing MXene-based membranes are exemplified. Overall, critical insights are provided for materials science and membrane communities to navigate better while exploring the potential of MXenes for developing advanced separation membranes. |
| Keywords: | 2D titanium carbides mixed-matrix composites molecular sieving nanocomposites nanolaminates |